Azure Interview Questions & Answers

1. What is meant by Microsoft Azure and Azure diagnostic?

Answer:  Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing interface that is implemented by Microsoft so as to get benefited from cloud computing.

Azure diagnostics is an API based system that collects the data to diagnose the application which is constantly running. It tunes with the verbose monitoring by enabling roles of the cloud services.

2. What is meant by cloud computing?

Answer : Cloud Computing is the high-level abstraction procedure that focuses on business logic. This is a service delivered via the internet that aids you with the computing services without laying much importance on the infrastructural needs just like the electric supply.

3. What is the scalability of cloud computing?

Answer:  The advantages that are of two types;

• Vertical scaling, where the configuration yields to increase the existing capacity of the machine. Just like expanding the size of the RAM from 4GB to 32GB.

• Horizontal Scaling, an aspect where the physical aspect is increased like putting multiple machines at work instead of replacing the existing machine.

4. What are the advantages of cloud computing?

Answer: There are several advantages of cloud computing which are as follows;

• The versatility of the system can be altered if the business requires certain modification.

• They are highly available which increases its end users to get benefited by every inch.

• The system is capable of tolerating fault of a single part and overcomes it by remaining completely functional.

• The service allows you to pay only when the system is in use. You can easily reallocate the system when you use them and get saved from the charge.

• The system has brought into light the payment for the operation rather than the investment in the machines.

5. What is meant by PaaS, SaaS, and IaaS?

Answer: These are the basic terms while dealing with the cloud services and are commonly asked in an Azure interview:

• PaaS stands for Platform as a Service that enables you to get a platform to deliver without directly giving authorization to the OS software.

• SaaS stands for Software as a Service is devoid of platform infrastructure software that can be used without direct purchase.

• IaaS stands for Infrastructure as a Service which enables you to get the hardware from the provider as the desired service which can be configured by the user.

 

6. Explain the different deployment model of the cloud?

Answer:  There are various deployment models for the cloud;

• Private Cloud Deployment Model is one where you own the infrastructure and the cloud provider enables you to get the service exclusively.

• Public Cloud Deployment Model is one where you get the multi-tenant infrastructure from the service provider exclusively.

• Hybrid Cloud Deployment Model is a set up of intermixed public and private data in which the confidential data will be served in-house and the public directed website is there to address the public.

7. What are the main functions of the Azure Cloud Service?

Answer: The main functions of the Azure Cloud Service are;

• It is designed to host the running application and at the same time manage the background running application.

• The application of web processing is termed as “web role” whereas the background processing is termed as the “worker role”.

8. State the purpose of the cloud configuration file?

Answer: There is a primary .csfg file available with each and every cloud service. The main purpose of this file is

• They hold the main copy of certificates.

• They have the storage of user-defined settings.

• There are a number of instances in any service project.

9. Which services are used to manage the resources in Azure?

Answer: When you are asked about Azure cloud interview questions, it should be answered that the Azure resource manager is the infrastructure that is involved in managing deploys or deleting all the resources. Note that Azure resource manager is one of the top Azure services so you may get more questions on it.

10. What do you mean by roles?

Answer: This is another basic yet important question asked as the Azure Interview Questions which should be answered in the following way:

Roles in cloud management are often termed to be nothing servers that are linked to managing and balancing the platform as service machine that collaborates works to attain the goal.

11. What are the different types of roles?

Answer: There are basically three different types of roles;

• Web Role that is used to deploy website by making use of language which is supported by the IIS platform customized to run the web application.

• VM Role is used to schedule the window services and task. It is done by the user through customization of the machine on which the worker’s role is running.

• Worker Role is to execute the process that runs in the background by deploying the website.

12. What do you mean by a domain?

Answer: The interconnected and interlinked nodes that are often a measure undertaken by the organization is known as the domain. These relations are carried by only one point of the organization.

13. Explain the fault domain.

Answer:  it is a logical working domain in which the underlying hardware is sharing a common power source and switch network. This means that when VMs is created the Azure distributes the VM across the fault domain that limits the potential impact of hardware failure, power interruption or outages of the network.

14. Discuss Update Domain.

Answer: It is a logical group that undergoes maintenance by rebooting the system. The system automatically distributes the created VMs all across the updated domain that enables the user to run any one of the application while the Azure platform is undergoing maintenance. The update domain does not work sequentially to the manual rebooting.

15. Differentiate between the verbose and minimal monitoring.

Answer: Verbose monitoring collects metrics based on the performance that enables close analysis of data that fed during the processing of application 

minimal monitoring is a default configuration that makes the use of the performance counters gathered from the operating system of the host. Proceed to the more Azure cloud interview questions that are quite common.

16. What do you mean by a BLOB and what are their types?

Answer: BLOB is a Binary Large Object that is composed of any size and type of file. They are mainly of two types-the page and the block blob.

17. What is meant by the block blob and page BLOB?

Answer: Blob is a block that is having a specific block ID. Each block in this block BLOB comprises of the 4MB and maximum size of this BLOB limits to 200 GB. Whereas the Page blob contains pages in which data range is determined by the offsets. The maximum limit is 1TB where a single page is of the size 1TB.

18. Differentiate between the Windows Azure bus queues and Windows Azure queues?

Answer: Windows Azure queues take care of the storage infrastructure of Windows Azure. The features include the REST based Peek/Get/Put interface that enables the users to get persistent messaging in-between the services and reliability.

Bus queues are a broader aspect of the messaging infrastructure with publishing and subscribing the integrating patterns of remote web service.

19. What is meant by the DeadLetter queue?

Answer: Messages are transferred to the DeadLetter queue in the following situation;

• When the delivery count has exceeded for a message that is on a queue.

• When the expiry date of the message has crossed and the entire expired message is held in a queue.

• When there is an evaluation exception set by default and the subscription is enabled with dead letter filter.

20. Explain the Window Azure platform?

Answer: It is collectively a PaaS developed by the Microsoft programmed to run a deployment vehicle and a runtime for the data center to host the cloud computing. Let’s proceed to the next general Azure Interview Questions that may be asked.

21. How is the price of the Azure subscription placed?

Answer: The prices vary in accordance with the product type. The various pricing models are;

• The free model where our customers can avail the system exempted from the market fee.

• The BYOL scheme where the Azure is fetched the Azure with a fee that is not encircled around the limits of market price.

• The trial of the free software where the client gets the full version with an advanced feature for a limited period of time. With the expiration of the introductory period, you will be charged standard rates.

• Usage Based Fee that is billed in accordance with the service that you have taken. Like if you are subscribed for the virtual image then hourly fees may be charged.

• Monthly bills are activated if you sign a particular plan. The fee is not allocated for cancellation or mid-month unused service.

22. What are the sizes of the Azure VM?

Answer:  The Windows Azure is destined to balance a variety of sizes. Most of the VM sizes are:

• The extra large computer has 8*1.6 GHz of Instance size, with instance storage of 2040 GB, CPU memory of 14 GB. The I/O performance is high.

• The large computer has 4*1.6 GHz of Instance size, with instance storage of 1000 GB, CPU memory of 7 GB. The I/O performance is high.

• The medium computer has 2*1.6 GHz of Instance size, with instance storage of 490 GB, CPU memory of 3.5 GB. The I/O performance is high.

• Small computer has 1.6 GHz of Instance size, with instance storage of 225 GB, CPU memory of 1.75 GB. The I/O performance is moderate.

• The extra small computer has 1.0 GHz of Instance size of 20 GB, with instance storage of 20 GB, CPU memory of 768MB. The I/O performance is low.

23. What is meant by table storage?

Answer: It is an interface that is capable of storing bulk amount of structured but non-relational data. It is a service of the NoSQL data store that takes authenticated calls from either outside or inside the Azure cloud. The table is a collaborated entity that in turn is a set of properties which is a paired up of name and value.

24. Differentiate between the repository and the powerhouse server?

Answer: Repository servers are those which are in lieu of the integrity, consistency, and uniformity whereas the powerhouse server governs the integration of different aspects of the database repository.

25. What is meant by the enterprise warehousing?

Answer: It is the phenomenon where the data is developed by the organization having access at a single point throughout the globe. The warehousing enables the server to get linked to a single point with the assistance of periodic handling.

26. What do you mean by lookup transformation?

Answer: Lookup transformation aids to determine source qualifier. It can be active or passive lookup transformation. The process is yield to get the access the relevant information or the data.

27. What is meant by the connected lookups?

Answer: In the unconnected lookup, the input is directly taken from the transformation that takes part in the flow of data. 

The connected data lookup is built as both a static and dynamic cache. This can be oriented via multiple ports that can give the output. It is defined by user defined entity.

28. What is meant by the unconnected lookups?

Answer:  the unconnected lookups the input is taken by the LKP operation. Nature is dynamic having a single output port. User-defined values are disregarded in the unconnected lookups.

29. What is meant by the command task?

Answer: Command task is an operational window that sets off the flow of one or multiple command shell while the system is still running.

30. What are the PowerCenter commands that can be used in Informatica?

Answer: The languages for transformation that can be provided with some basic comment signifiers that are;

• Slashes (//)

• Dashes (–)

If these common signifiers are absent in the line the power integration service will ignore the text.

31. What is the difference between copy and shortcut?

Answer:  Copied is transferring an object from one to another folder that takes double space. There is no change that corresponds to the original object.

The shortcut is a dynamic link of the object that saves the space reflecting changes in the original object.

32. What do you mean by a service fabric in Azure?

Answer:  Service fabric is a middleware platform of the following generation that gives the more scalable outcome. It renders with the more managed and reliable enterprise.

33. What are the benefits of the traffic manager in Windows Azure?

Answer: Traffic manager is allocated to control the distribution of the user to deploy the cloud service. The benefit of the traffic manager constitutes;

• It makes the application to be available worldwide through automated traffic control machinery.

• The traffic managing service contributes to high performance by loading the page faster and convenient usage.

• There is no lag of time to maintain or upgrade the existing system. The system keeps running in the back while the system takes time for up gradation.

• The configuration is made easy through the Azure portal.

SQL Azure Interview Questions and Answers

34. Discuss the different database types in SQL Azure?

Answer: This is one of the commonly asked SQL Azure interview questions that must be answered by stating that there are two major type of database in SQL Azure;

• Web Edition – It is having a limit of 5GB SQL that is related to the relational database. The basic advantage is that they can be self-maintained, tolerant to a fault and highly available.

• Business-based Edition – they support 50GB of T-SQL that is self-managed, tolerant to a fault and highly available. They are suited for the custom web applications or ISV application.

35. How is Azure Resource Manager beneficial over the classic services?

Answer: The benefits of the Azure Resource Manager that overshadows the benefit of the classic services are;

• The resources need not be managed, deployed or monitored one at a time. They are chain deployment activities throughout the lifecycle without the need for individual data handling.

• The data is also deployed at a consistent pace with the ARM service. It enables the user to use a declarative template that indicates the deployment.

• Since the role-based control is present in the management platform that provides you with the access to the resources that leads you to control.

• You can mark dependencies between the resources that enable you to get the correct order of deployment.

• The resources may be tagged and organized logically so that it is convenient to follow up the billing of your company.

36. Enlist the monitoring features that are present in the SharePoint 2010?

Answer: This is one of the SQL Azure interview questions that should be answered by stating that the SharePoint 2010 is a diagnostic logging that takes into the data that are a direct indication of the state of the system. Sometimes it also specifies some timer tasks that are performed to monitor the collected information. The features include;

• It collects the data on event log, timer service, and performance counter.

• They are involved with data that are search usage.

• They provide matrices that are yielding a collection of sites.

37. State the class that can be used to retrieve data?

Answer: The class that can be used to get data from more than one list is the SPSite Data Query that is able to query data that are present in more than one list all across the diverse web collections. It is featured to aggregate data without the external links and only through the SharePoint.

38. Compare the STS and SPS and state its important features?

Answer: SPS is the SharePoint Portal Service which manages the documents and has a search engine more efficient in penetrating the multiple sources of content.

STS stands for the SharePoint team management. As the name suggests they are better for the document management for a large organization and has a moderate search engine.

39. Explain MOSS?

Answer:  MOSS is abbreviated for Microsoft Office SharePoint Server that constitutes a complete version of the portal platform that yields the user to manage, share and even create the document.

40. What is the difference between a library and a list?

Answer: The library is an interface that yields one to manage and store a document that can be created using Excel, PowerPoint or Word. The list is the representation of the item in a tabulated format using column and rows. Lists are not used to make a document but can attach documents.

41. What do you mean by SAS?

Answer:  SAS is an abbreviation for Statistical analytical System which is a software suite performing analysis of multiple variables. It is in linked to the predictive analysis, data handling, advanced analytics or corporative intelligence. It produces a smooth interface that offers graphical and clicks based solution. It is user-friendly for the technical or the non-technical with advanced features.

42. State some features of SAS?

Answer: There is some interlinked feature of SAS which includes;

• It provides the user access to manage the resources just like that of the DBMS.

• It is leading with the leading analytical to carry out different business services and products.

• It enables easy visualization and interpretation with the use of graphs and its breaks the complex panels into simple plots.

• It is very efficient in delivering the business analysis which leads to manufacturing the products that can be distributed worldwide.

43. Describe the common architecture of SharePoint 2010?

Answer: There are three main architectural design of the SharePoint 2010 which includes;

• The enterprise farm which is uncommon as it completely is dedicated to the service and aids via the automated management with the feasible isolation of data.

• There is a single farm that is associated with multiple services whose potential advantages are management via individual service application which enables with a more complex targeting of sites to a particular application of service.

• Lastly, the single farms employed in single service are very common and at the same time easy to deploy. The application service is simple to be allocated with fullest resource utilization and management.

44. Describe the log analytics?

Answer:  The operational management service of the Log Analytics provides the entire requirement that runs the particular service. It manifests automation, security, log analytics and availability at a particular dashboard. It generates Power data source that enables the user to get the visuals of the raw data. It is introduced in three different tiers of prices that include free, premium and standard. You enjoy the convenience of searching the data at a single dashboard and export the results.

Advanced Azure Interview Questions and Answers

43. State what will you do in case of a drive failure?

Answer:  When there is an instance that the drive has failed the following step should be performed;

• The first is that the drive should be not mounted enabling the object storage to function without fail.

• The second scenario is replacing the drive in which the desired step will be remounting, formatting the drive.

44. State what should be done in case of a service failure?

Answer: In the case of the service failure the following steps need to be performed;

• Ensure that the object s services have stopped running which will enable the object services to withstand the failure.

• To complete the last lap of work pending you can allow the system object storage remain functional by making the machined to again get back to online. Once they are started, the online replication will instantly activate with the missing updated files.

• If you are incapable to replace drive then do remove the drive and let the system stay not mounted.

45. Give a clear overview of API in Azure?

Answer: The Test Analytics in API is a web service that is built with the Azure learning. It is an effective tool to analyze the unstructured data like the extraction of the key phrase. It runs with the binomial scoring unit that is either 0 or 1 where 1 corresponds to a positive and 0 corresponds to a negative viewpoint. The advantage is that it does not need any assistance with designing and training which imply that the data is in the hands of directly the user. Proceed to find more Microsoft Azure interview questions for experienced.

46. Explain how does a character analytics API function?

Answer: The working of the character analytics of API does not account for the characterization of words like good or bad. It uses the advanced feature through which the processing of natural language is mediated.

47. Differentiate between the PROC SUMMARY and PROC MEANS?

Answer: This is one of the stars marked questions found in the list of top Microsoft Azure interview questions and answers pdf.

PROC MEANS refers to the subgroup statist created in the persistence of the BY statement that will be involved. The data here is sorted beforehand with the assistance of BY variables.

PROC SUMMARY is the aid of statistics giving all varieties of information running simultaneously and is produced for every subgroup automatically. The information in the outlet is not created.

50. If the client gets disconnected from cache with the services state the probable cause?

Answer: If the client gets disconnected the causal factor can be distributed into two categories;

The cause on the operator side;

• There might be a failure in the transfer of the standard cache from one node to the other.

• While the service was processing and dispatching the cache got deployed.

• There was a server update or an automated VM maintenance.

The fault on the client side;

• The application of the client accidentally got redeployed.

• The application on the client side got auto-scaling.

• The layer of the network on the client side altered.

• There was a transient error on the network node.

• The bound operation took more time.

• The upper limit of the bandwidth was reached.

51. How do we configure load balancer and why I should have a backend pool for load balancer?

Load Balancer is a resource that helps balancing the load across mutliple servers. In order to configure a load balancer we need a frontend ip, backend pool, health probes and load balancing rules. Backend pool is the target machine that processes the end user requests, with out backend pool there is no use of load balancer. 

52. How do you trouble shoot connectivity issues between VM’s with in Azure? 

1. Check whether NIC is misconfigured 

2. Check whether network traffic is blocked by NSG or UDR 

3. Check whether network traffic is blocked by VM firewall 

4. Check whether VM app or service is listening on the port 

5. Check whether the problem is caused by SNAT 

6. Check whether traffic is blocked by ACLs for the classic VM 

7. Check whether the endpoint is created for the classic VM 

8. Try to connect to a VM network share 

9. Check Inter-Vnet connectivity

 

53. What are the high level requirements before establishing site to site connectivity

We need to first create a VPN gateway with site-to-site as the option

We need to create a logical resource to represent on-prem router and present it as local gateway. To establish connectivity we need to have public ip of remote router and its pre-shared key.

54. What does it mean by VM agent unable to communicate with Azure Backup? 

Possible reasons for this issue are, the Azure VM agent might be stopped, outdated, in an inconsistent state, or not installed. These states prevent the Azure Backup service from triggering snapshots or communicating with Azure Backup.

55. What is Gateway Transit option for a VNET? 

Gateway transit enables one virtual network to use the VPN gateway in the peered virtual network for cross-premises or VNet-to-VNet connectivity. To use this setting, only one of the virtual network in the peering can have a gateway configured. It is to allow peered network to reach to On-prem servers if the first VNET has a Site-to-Site VPN established already

56. What is the difference between standard SSD and premium SSD?

Premium SSD disks, perform better than Standard SSD disks, with very low latencies, high IOPS/throughput and even better consistency with provisioned disk performance, and it is the recommended disk type for all other production workloads.

57. How to deny access for one VM and allow access for one VM

By using Network security groups(NSG) or Application security group(ASG), we can define inbound rules to allow or deny access to specific vms

58. How to differentiate deployment VM and test VM’s in vm creation ?

There is no such difference option during VM creation. 

A VM can be differentiated on basis of applications where it hosts, and this only happens after VM is up and running. 

59. Is there any live stream between on prem ad to azure ad ?

AD Connect is the tool used to sync on prem ad objects to azure ad.

60. How will you do patching while migrating onprem VM?

We don’t patch any VM during migration, we can start it after migration from the      Azure portal.

61. What is Traffic manager and how it works in azure ?

Traffic manager is a global load balancer, it works based on DNS. There are 6 profiles pre-defined in TM, and based on your needs you need to choose which profile is well suited. 

62. How do you troubleshoot RDP connections to an Azure virtual machine? 

1. Reset Remote Desktop configuration.

2. Check Network Security Group rules / Cloud Services endpoints.

3. Review VM console logs.

4. Reset the NIC for the VM.

5. Check the VM Resource Health.

6. Reset your VM password.

7. Restart your VM.

8. Redeploy your VM.

Reference:

Question 1: What is Azure Cloud Service?

Answer: Azure Cloud Service provides the option for conveying multiple web applications in Azure while specifying various parts for the dissemination of management and permission for flexible scaling in an application. Basically, a particular cloud service includes web parts and specialist parts in some cases with their own specific application documents and design.

Question 2: What are the roles of Windows Azure?

Answer: You can find three types of roles in Windows Azure, such as web role, virtual machine role, and worker role.

Question 3: What are the three significant components of the Azure platform?

Answer: The three significant components of Microsoft Azure are Compute, Fabric, and Storage that are present as Azure Compute, Azure AppFabric, and Azure Storage.

Question 4: Define a Cloud architecture?

Answer: A Cloud Architect is an IT expert who builds up an organization’s computing strategy. This strategy fuses cloud adoption plans, cloud application design, and cloud management and monitoring. The Architect likewise helps with various cloud environments such as the public Cloud, private Cloud, and hybrid Cloud.

Question 5: What are the different Layers of Cloud architecture?

Answer: The Cloud Architecture consists of the following layers:

• Infrastructure: The primary layer of Cloud is the Infrastructure –IaaS, which stands for Infrastructure as a service.

• Platform: The second layer of the Cloud is the Platform – PaaS, which stands for Platform as a service.

• Software: The third Cloud layer is the actual Software – SaaS, which stands for Software as a service.

• BPO.

Question 6: What are the different layers in a cloud reference model?

Answer: The five layers of a Cloud reference model are:

• Physical layer,

• Virtual layer,

• Control layer,

• Service orchestration layer, and

• Service layer

Question 7: What are the various components of the cloud architecture?

Answer: The prime physical components of cloud infrastructure are networking equipment, servers, and data storage. Cloud infrastructure incorporates a hardware abstraction layer as well. The layer enables the virtualization of resources and helps to cut down costs through economies of scale.

Question 8: Which is the most basic cloud service model?

Answer: The most basic cloud service model is the Saas that is Software as a Service model. It is one of the most familiar forms of cloud service for consumers, and it also reallocates the assignment of managing software and its deployment to third-party services.

Question 9: How will you differentiate between a software architect and a solution architect?

Answer: A Solution Architect is answerable for a solitary application or technology product, including both hardware and software, while a Software Architect is answerable for the general plan of an application, especially when there are many subcomponents that need to work together.

Question 10: What does an Azure Solution Architect do?

Answer: The main roles of an Azure Solution Architect are to develop and implement an Azure Cloud Architecture and manage issues like migration. It also incorporates estimating and planning the solutions expected to implement cloud migration and continued operations.

Question 11: What is a service definition file and service configuration file?

Answer: The cloud service definition file (.csdef) gives the definition of the assistance model, close by the number of jobs. Then again, the cloud service configuration file (.csfg) encourages configuration settings for cloud service and individual roles alongside the number of role instances.

Question12: Define Azure Diagnostics.

Answer: Azure Diagnostics is an Azure API that helps in the collection of diagnostics data from applications that are implemented on Azure. Azure Diagnostics ought to be enabled for various cloud service roles to ensure the activation of verbose monitoring.

Question 13: What are the different cloud deployment models?

Answer: There are three regular cloud deployment models that explain the delivery of cloud services to users. These are the public Cloud, the hybrid Cloud, and the private Cloud.

Question 14: What are the advantages of traffic managers in Azure?

Answer:  Some of the notable benefits of traffic managers in Azure incorporate the distribution of traffic as per the different traffic-routing methods and consistent monitoring of automatic failover and endpoint health upon failure of endpoints.

Question 15: What is an Azure SLA (Service Level Agreement)?

Answer: SLA establishes the degree of service you anticipate from a vendor, designing out the metrics by which service is estimated, as well as remedies or penalties should agreed-on service levels not be accomplished. It is a crucial segment of any technology vendor contract. The Azure SLA (Service-level agreement) explains the commitments of Microsoft for uptime and connectivity.

Question 16: What is a guest operating system?

Answer: A guest operating system for a concerned cloud service is an operating system installed on virtual machines that run your application code.

Question 17: What is Azure Resource Manager?

Answer: Azure Resource Manager is the ideal assistance for provisioning management and deployment services on Azure. The management layer aids in enhancing and deleting resources in your Azure subscription. It likewise supports the organization of related resources in resource groups, followed by the deployment of resources with JSON formats.

Question 18: What are Update Domains?

Answer: Update domain in Azure displays the collection of underlying hardware equipped for rebooting or undergoing maintenance. With the development of virtual machines in an availability set, virtual machines are consequently distributed across updated domains on the Azure platform. Subsequently, a single instance of the application is always active during the maintenance of the Azure platform.

Question 19: What is a Fault Domain?

Answer: The fault domain in Azure showcases the set of underlying hardware sharing common network switches and power sources. Each and every fault domain incorporates various racks, and all individual racks accommodate a virtual machine. Upon the development of virtual machines in an availability set, the virtual machines consequently spread across all fault domains in Azure.

Question 20: Define Azure Service Fabric.

Answer: Azure Service Fabric is the distributed platform custom-made for offering development, deployment, and management of apps having high scalability and customizability. Applications developed in the Azure Service Fabric environment would involve discrete microservices communicating with one another over service application programming interfaces.

Question 21: What are the types of services you can develop with the Service Fabric?

Answer: The two kinds of services that you can develop with Azure Service Fabric are Stateless Services and Stateful Services. On account of stateless services, the service does not store any state, and the long-term state is stored in an external database. On the other hand, Stateful services have the state stored in the service. Additionally, it enables the state to persist without any external database.

Question 22: What are the deployment environments offered by Azure?

Answer: There are two deployment environments provided by the Azure Cloud:

1. Staging Environment:

• It gives a stage to approve changes to your application before it tends to be made live in the production environment.

• In this stage, the application can be distinguished utilizing Azure’s Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) in URL form (GUID.cloudapp.net)

2. Production Environment:

• This environment is utilized to store the live app.

• It can be modified from the staging environment with a URL that’s more DNS friendly (servicename.cloudapp.net)

Question 23: How can hybrid cloud Integration be useful for Azure?

Answer: The Hybrid Cloud helps profitability by utilizing Azure and the Azure stack for creating and deploying apps for the Cloud and on-premises apps. Integration of the hybrid Cloud can be useful for Azure in the accompanying manners:

• It acquires more prominent effectiveness with a combination of Azure services and DevOps processes and tools

• Clients can profit from consistently updated Azure services and other Azure Marketplace apps.

• It allows it to be deployed regardless of its location, the Cloud, or on-premises.

• It empowers apps to be made at a higher speed.

Question 24: Mention the components of the Azure Cloud architecture.

Answer: The Azure Cloud architecture has the following components:

• Backend systems

• Azure Logic Apps

• Azure API Management

• Azure DNS

• Azure Active Directory (Azure AD)

Question 25: Define cloud delivery model?

Answer: A cloud delivery model addresses a particular, pre-bundled combination of IT resources offered by a cloud service provider. Three common cloud delivery models have gotten broadly settled and formalized:

• Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)

• Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

Section 1: General Cloud Questions

1. What are the different types of services offered in the cloud?

IAAS VS PAAS VS SAAS

IAAS PAAS SAAS

In infrastructure as a service, you get the raw hardware from your cloud provider as a service i.e you get a server which you can configure with your own will. Platform as a Service, gives you a platform to publish without giving the access to the underlying software or OS. You get software as a service in Azure, i.e no infrastructure, no platform, simple software that you can use without purchasing it.

For Example: Azure VM, Amazon EC2. For example: Web Apps, Mobile Apps in Azure. For example: when you launch a VM on Azure, you are not buying the OS, you are basically renting it for the time you will be running that instance.

2. What is cloud computing?

Explanation: It is the use of servers on the internet to “store”, “manage” and “process” data. The difference is, instead of using your own servers, you are using someone else’s servers to do your task, paying them for the amount of time you use it for.

3. What are the different cloud deployment models?

Explanation: Following are the three cloud deployment models:

Public Cloud: The infrastructure is owned by your cloud provider and the server that you are using could be a multi-tenant system.

Private Cloud: The infrastructure is owned by you or your cloud provider gives you that service exclusively. For eg: Hosting your website on your servers, or hosting your website with the cloud provider on a dedicated server.

Hybrid Cloud: When you use both Public Cloud, Private Cloud together, it is called Hybrid Cloud. For Example: Using your in-house servers for confidential data, and the public cloud for hosting your company’s public facing website. This type of setup would be a hybrid cloud.

4. I have some private servers on my premises, also I have distributed some of my workload on the public cloud, what is this architecture called?

A. Virtual Private Network

B. Private Cloud

C. Virtual Private Cloud

D. Hybrid Cloud

Answer: D. Hybrid Cloud

Explanation: This type of architecture would be a hybrid cloud. Why? Because we are using both, the public cloud, and on premises servers i.e the private cloud. To make this hybrid architecture easy to use, wouldn’t it be better if your private and public cloud were all on the same network (virtually). This is established by including your public cloud servers in a virtual private cloud, and connecting virtual cloud with your on premise servers using a VPN (Virtual Private Network).

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Section 2: Basic Azure Questions and Answers for Freshers

5. What is Microsoft Azure and why is it used?

Explanation: As discussed above, the companies which provide the cloud service are called the Cloud Providers. There are a lot of cloud providers out there, out of them one is Microsoft Azure. It is used for accessing Microsoft’s infrastructure for cloud.

6. Which service in Azure is used to manage resources in Azure?

A. Application Insights

B. Azure Resource Manager

C. Azure Portal

D. Log Analytics

Answer: B Azure Resource Manager

Explanation: Azure Resource Manager is used to “manage” infrastructures which involve a no. of azure services. It can be used to deploy, manage and delete all the resources together using a simple JSON script.

7. Which of the following web applications can be deployed with Azure?

A. ASP.NET

B. PHP

C. WCF

D. All of the mentioned

Answer: D All of the mentioned

Explanation: Microsoft also has released SDKs for both Java and Ruby to allow applications written in those languages to place calls to the Azure Service Platform API to the AppFabric Service.

Section 3: Azure Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced Professional

8. What are Roles and why do we use them?

Explanation: Roles are nothing servers in layman terms. These servers are managed, load balanced, Platform as a Service virtual machines that work together to achieve a common goal.

There are 3 types of roles in Microsoft Azure:

• Web Role

• Worker Role

• VM  Role

Let’s discuss each of these roles in detail:

• Web Role – A web role is basically used to deploy a website, using languages supported by the IIS platform like, PHP, .NET etc. It is configured and customized to run web applications.

• Worker Role – A worker role is more like an help to the Web role, it used to execute background processes unlike the Web Role which is used to deploy the website.

• VM Role – The VM role is used by a user to schedule tasks and other windows services. This role can be used to customize the machines on which the web and worker role is running.

9. A _________ role is a virtual machine instance running Microsoft IIS Web server that can accept and respond to HTTP or HTTPS requests.

A. Web

B. Server

C. Worker

D. Client

Answer: A. Web 

Explanation: The answer should be Web Roles, there are no roles such as Server or Client roles. Also, Worker roles can only communicate with Azure Storage or through direct connections to clients.

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10. Is it possible to create a Virtual Machine using Azure Resource Manager in a Virtual Network that was created using classic deployment?

Explanation: This is not supported. You cannot use Azure Resource Manager to deploy a virtual machine into a virtual network that was created using classic deployment.

11. What are virtual machine scale sets in Azure?

Explanation: Virtual machine scale sets are Azure compute resource that you can use to deploy and manage a set of identical VMs. With all the VMs configured the same, scale sets are designed to support true autoscale, and no pre-provisioning of VMs is required. So it’s easier to build large-scale services that target big compute, big data, and containerized workloads.

12. Are data disks supported within scale sets?

Explanation: Yes. A scale set can define an attached data disk configuration that applies to all VMs in the set. Other options for storing data include:

• Azure files (SMB shared drives)

• OS drive

• Temp drive (local, not backed by Azure Storage)

• Azure data service (for example, Azure tables, Azure blobs)

• External data service (for example, remote database)

13. What is an Availability Set?

Explanation: An availability set is a logical grouping of VMs that allows Azure to understand how your application is built to provide redundancy and availability. It is recommended that two or more VMs are created within an availability set to provide for a highly available application and to meet the 99.95% Azure SLA. When a single VM is used with Azure Premium Storage, the Azure SLA applies for unplanned maintenance events.

Apart from this Azure Interview Questions Blog, if you want to get trained from professionals on this technology, you can opt for a structured training from edureka! Click below to know 

16. What are Network Security Groups?

Explanation: A network security group (NSG) contains a list of Access Control List (ACL) rules that allow or deny network traffic to subnets, NICs, or both. NSGs can be associated with either subnets or individual NICs connected to a subnet. When an NSG is associated with a subnet, the ACL rules apply to all the VMs in that subnet. In addition, traffic to an individual NIC can be restricted by associating an NSG directly to a NIC.

17. Do scale sets work with Azure availability sets?

Explanation: Yes. A scale set is an implicit availability set with 5 fault domains and 5 update domains. Scale sets of more than 100 VMs span multiple placement groups, which are equivalent to multiple availability sets. An availability set of VMs can exist in the same virtual network as a scale set of VMs. A common configuration is to put control node VMs (which often require unique configuration) in an availability set and put data nodes in the scale set.

 

18. What is a break-fix issue?

Explanation: Technical problems are called break-fix issue, it is an industry term which refers to “work involved in supporting a technology when it fails in the normal course of its function, which requires intervention by a support organization to be restored to working order”.

19. Why is Azure Active Directory used?

Explanation: Azure Active Directory is an Identity and Access Management system. It is used to grant access to your employees to specific products and services in your network. For example: Salesforce.com, twitter etc. Azure AD has some in-built support for applications in its gallery which can be added directly.

20. What happens when you exhaust the maximum failed attempts for authenticating yourself via Azure AD?

Explanation: We use a more sophisticated strategy to lock accounts. This is based on the IP address of the request and the passwords entered. The duration of the lockout also increases based on the likelihood that it is an attack.

21. Where can I find a list of applications that are pre-integrated with Azure AD and their capabilities?

Explanation: Azure AD has around 2600 pre-integrated applications. All pre-integrated applications support single sign-on (SSO). SSO let you use your organizational credentials to access your apps. Some of the applications also support automated provisioning and de-provisioning.

22. How can I use applications with Azure AD that I’m using on-premises?

Explanation: Azure AD gives you an easy and secure way to connect to the web applications you choose. You can access these applications in the same way you access your SaaS apps in Azure AD, no need for a VPN to change your network infrastructure.

23. What is Azure Service Fabric?

Explanation: Azure Service Fabric is a distributed systems platform that makes it easy to package, deploy, and manage scalable and reliable micro-services. Service Fabric also addresses the significant challenges in developing and managing cloud applications. Developers and administrators can avoid complex infrastructure problems and focus on implementing mission-critical, demanding workloads that are scalable, reliable, and manageable. Service Fabric represents the next-generation middleware platform for building and managing these enterprise-class, tier-1, cloud-scale applications.

24. What is a VNet?

Explanation: VNet is a representation of your own network in the cloud. It logically isolates your instances launched in the cloud, from the rest of your resources.

25. What are the differences between Subscription Administrator and Directory Administrator?

Explanation: By default, one is assigned the Subscription Administrator role when he/she signs up for Azure. A subscription admin can use either a Microsoft account or a work or school account from the directory that the Azure subscription is associated with. This role is authorized to manage services in the Azure portal. If others need to sign in and access services by using the same subscription, you can add them as co-admins.

Azure AD has a different set of admin roles to manage the directory and identity-related features. These admins will have access to various features in the Azure portal or the Azure classic portal. The admin’s role determines what they can do, like create or edit users, assign administrative roles to others, reset user passwords, manage user licenses, or manage domains.

26. Are there any scale limitations for customers using managed disks?

Explanation: Managed Disks eliminates the limits associated with storage accounts. However, the number of managed disks per subscription is limited to 2000 by default.

27. What is the difference between Service Bus Queues and Storage Queues?

Explanation: The Azure Storage Queue is simple and the developer experience is quite good. It uses the local Azure Storage Emulator and debugging is made quite easy. The tooling for Azure Storage Queues allows you to easily peek at the top 32 messages and if the messages are in XML or Json, you’re able to visualize their contents directly from Visual Studio Furthermore, these queues can be purged of their contents, which is especially useful during development and QA efforts.

The Azure Service Bus Queues are evolved and surrounded by many useful mechanisms that make it enterprise-worthy! They are built into the Service Bus and are able to forward messages to other Queues and Topics. They have a built-in dead-letter queue and messages have a time to live that you control, hence messages don’t automatically disappear after 7 days.

Furthermore, Azure Service Bus Queues have the ability of deleting themselves after a configurable amount of idle time. This feature is very practical when you create Queues for each user, because if a user hasn’t interacted with a Queue for the past month, it automatically gets clean it up. Its also a great way to drive costs down. You shouldn’t have to pay for storage that you don’t need. These Queues are limited to a maximum of 80gb. Once you’ve reached this limit your 

28. What is Azure Redis Cache?

Redis is an open source (BSD licensed), in-memory data structure store, used as a database, cache and message broker. Azure Redis Cache is based on the popular open-source Redis cache. It gives you access to a secure, dedicated Redis cache, managed by Microsoft, and accessible from any application within Azure.  It supports data structures such as strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets with range queries, bitmaps, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexes with radius queries.

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29. Why doesn’t Azure Redis Cache have an MSDN class library reference like some of the other Azure services?

Explanation: Microsoft Azure Redis Cache is based on the popular open source Redis Cache and can be accessed by a wide variety of Redis clients for many programming languages. Each client has its own API that makes calls to the Redis cache instance using Redis commands.

Because each client is different, there is not one centralized class reference on MSDN, and each client maintains its own reference documentation. In addition to the reference documentation, there are several tutorials showing how to get started with Azure Redis Cache using different languages and cache clients. To access these tutorials, see How to use Azure Redis Cache and click the desired language from the language switcher at the top of the article.

30. What are Redis databases?

Explanation: Redis Databases are just a logical separation of data within the same Redis instance. The cache memory is shared between all the databases and actual memory consumption of a given database depends on the keys/values stored in that database. For example, a C6 cache has 53 GB of memory. You can choose to put all 53 GB into one database or you can split it up between multiple databases.

31. Is it possible to add an existing VM to an availability set?

Explanation: No. If you want your VM to be part of an availability set, you need to create the VM within the set. There currently no way to add a VM to an availability set after it has been created.

32. What are the username requirements when creating a VM?

Explanation: Usernames can be a maximum of 20 characters in length and cannot end in a period (“.”).

The following usernames are not allowed:

 

33. What are the password requirements when creating a VM?

Explanation: Passwords must be 12 – 123 characters in length and meet 3 out of the following 4 complexity requirements:

• Have lower characters

• Have upper characters

• Have a digit

• Have a special character (Regex match [W_])

The following passwords are not allowed:

 

34. How much storage can I use with a virtual machine?

Explanation: Each data disk can be up to 1 TB. The number of data disks which you can use depends on the size of the virtual machine. 

Azure Managed Disks are the new and recommended disk storage offerings for use with Azure Virtual Machines for persistent storage of data. You can use multiple Managed Disks with each Virtual Machine. Managed Disks offer two types of durable storage options: Premium and Standard Managed Disks.

Azure storage accounts can also provide storage for the operating system disk and any data disks. Each disk is a .vhd file stored as a page blob.

35. How can one create a Virtual Machine in Powershell?

# Define a credential object 

$cred = Get-Credential 

# Create a virtual machine configuration 

$vmConfig = New-AzureRmVMConfig -VMName myVM -VMSize Standard_DS2 |

` Set-AzureRmVMOperatingSystem -Windows -ComputerName myVM -Credential $cred | 

` Set-AzureRmVMSourceImage -PublisherName MicrosoftWindowsServer -Offer WindowsServer ` 

-Skus 2016-Datacenter -Version latest | Add-AzureRmVMNetworkInterface -Id $nic.Id

36. How to create a Network Security Group and a Network Security Group Rule?

# Create an inbound network security group rule for port 3389

$nsgRuleRDP = New-AzureRmNetworkSecurityRuleConfig -Name myNetworkSecurityGroupRuleRDP -Protocol Tcp `

 -Direction Inbound -Priority 1000 -SourceAddressPrefix * -SourcePortRange * -DestinationAddressPrefix * `

 -DestinationPortRange 3389 -Access Allow

# Create an inbound network security group rule for port 80

$nsgRuleWeb = New-AzureRmNetworkSecurityRuleConfig -Name myNetworkSecurityGroupRuleWWW -Protocol Tcp `

 -Direction Inbound -Priority 1001 -SourceAddressPrefix * -SourcePortRange * -DestinationAddressPrefix * `

 -DestinationPortRange 80 -Access Allow

# Create a network security group

$nsg = New-AzureRmNetworkSecurityGroup -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroup -Location EastUS `

 -Name myNetworkSecurityGroup -SecurityRules $nsgRuleRDP,$nsgRuleWeb

37. How to create a new storage account and container using Power Shell?

$storageName = "st" + (Get-Random)

New-AzureRmStorageAccount -ResourceGroupName "myResourceGroup" -AccountName $storageName -Location "West US" -SkuName "Standard_LRS" -Kind Storage

$accountKey = (Get-AzureRmStorageAccountKey -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroup -Name $storageName).Value[0]

$context = New-AzureStorageContext -StorageAccountName $storageName -StorageAccountKey $accountKey 

New-AzureStorageContainer -Name "templates" -Context $context -Permission Container

38. How can one create a VM in Azure CLI?

az vm create ` --resource-group myResourceGroup ` --name myVM --image win2016datacenter ` --admin-username azureuser ` --admin-password myPassword12

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39. What are the various power states of a VM?

Power State Description

Starting Indicates the virtual machine is being started

Running Indicates that the virtual machine is running

Stopping Indicates that the virtual machine is being stopped

Stopped Indicates that the virtual machine is stopped

Deallocating Indicates that the virtual machine is being deallocated

Deallocated Indicates that the virtual machine is completely removed from the hypervisor but still available in the control plane. Virtual Machines in the deallocated state do not incur compute charges.

40. How can you retrieve the state of a particular VM?

Get-AzureRmVM `

 -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroup `

 -Name myVM `

 -Status | Select @{n="Status"; e={$_.Statuses[1].Code}}

41. How can you stop a VM using Power Shell?

Stop-AzureRmVM -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroupVM -Name "myVM" -Force

42. Why was my client disconnected from the cache?

Explanation: The following are some common reasons for a cache disconnect.

• Client-side causes

o The client application was redeployed.

o The client application performed a scaling operation.

o In the case of Cloud Services or Web Apps, this may be due to auto-scaling.

o The networking layer on the client side changed.

o Transient errors occurred in the client or in the network nodes between the client and the server.

o The bandwidth threshold limits were reached.

o CPU bound operations took too long to complete.

• Server-side causes

o On the standard cache offering, the Azure Redis Cache service initiated a fail-over from the primary node to the secondary node.

o Azure was patching the instance where the cache was deployed

o This can be for Redis server updates or general VM maintenance.

43. What is Azure Search?

Explanation: Azure Search is a cloud search-as-a-service solution that delegates server and infrastructure management to Microsoft, leaving you with a ready-to-use service that you can populate with your data and then use to add search to your web or mobile application. Azure Search allows you to easily add a robust search experience to your applications using a simple REST API or .NET SDK without managing search infrastructure or becoming an expert in search.

44. My web app still uses an old Docker container image after I’ve updated the image on Docker Hub. Does Azure support continuous integration/deployment of custom containers?

Explanation: Yes, it does. For private registries, you can update the container by stopping and then re-starting your web app. Alternatively, you can also change or add a dummy application setting to force an update of your container.

45. What are the expected values for the Startup File section when I configure the runtime stack?

Explanation: For Node.Js, you specify the PM2 configuration file or your script file. For .NET Core, specify your compiled DLL name. For Ruby, you can specify the Ruby script that you want to initialize your app with.

46. How are Azure Marketplace subscriptions priced?

Explanation:

Pricing will vary based on product types. ISV software charges and Azure infrastructure costs are charged separately through your Azure subscription. Pricing models include:

BYOL Model: Bring-your-own-license. You obtain outside of the Azure Marketplace, the right to access or use the offering and are not charged Azure Marketplace fees for use of the offering in the Azure Marketplace.

Free: Free SKU. Customers are not charged Azure Marketplace fees for use of the offering.

Free Software Trial: Full-featured version of the offer that is promotionally free for a limited period of time. You will not be charged Azure Marketplace fees for use of the offering during a trial period. Upon expiration of the trial period, customers will automatically be charged based on standard rates for use of the offering.

Usage-Based: You are charged or billed based on the extent of your use of the offering. For Virtual Machines Images, you are charged an hourly Azure Marketplace fee. For Data Services, Developer services, and APIs, you are charged per unit of measurement as defined by the offering.

Monthly Fee: You are charged or billed a fixed monthly fee for a subscription to the offering (from the date of subscription start for that particular plan). The monthly fee is not prorated for mid-month cancellations or unused services.

47. What is the difference between “price,” “software price,” and “total price” in the cost structure for Virtual Machine offers in the Azure Marketplace?

Explanation: “Price” refers to the cost of the Azure Virtual Machine to run the software. “Software price” refers to the cost of the publisher software running on an Azure Virtual Machine. “Total price” refers to the combined total cost of the Azure Virtual Machine and the publisher software running on an Azure Virtual Machine.

48. What are stateful and stateless microservices for Service Fabric?

Explanation: Service Fabric enables you to build applications that consist of microservices. Stateless microservices (such as protocol gateways and web proxies) do not maintain a mutable state outside a request and its response from the service. Azure Cloud Services worker roles are an example of a stateless service. Stateful microservices (such as user accounts, databases, devices, shopping carts, and queues) maintain a mutable, authoritative state beyond the request and its response. Today’s Internet-scale applications consist of a combination of stateless and stateful microservices.

49. What is the meaning of application partitions?

Explanation: The application partitions are a part of the Active Directory system and having said so, they are directory partitions which are replicated to domain controllers. Usually, domain controllers that are included in the process of directory partitions hold a replica of that directory partition. The attributes and values of application partitions is that you can replicated them to any specific domain controller in a forest, meaning that it could lessen replication traffic. While the domain directory partitions transfer all their data to all of the domains, the application partitions can focus on only one in the domain area. This makes application partitions redundant and more available.

50. What are special Azure Regions?

Explanation: Azure has some special regions that you may wish to use when buildingyour applications for compliance or legal purposes. These special regions include:

• US Gov Virginia and US Gov Iowa

o A physical and logical network-isolated instance of Azure for US government agencies and partners, operated by screened US persons. Includes additional compliance certifications such as FedRAMP and DISA. 

• China East and China North

o These regions are available through a unique partnership between Microsoft and 21Vianet, whereby Microsoft does not directly maintain the datacenters. 

• Germany Central and Germany Northeast

o These regions are available via a data trustee model whereby customer data remains in Germany under control of T-Systems, a Deutsche Telekom company, acting as the German data trustee.

1. What is Microsoft Azure?

Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing platform that provides 200+ products and cloud services planned in a way to help in bringing new solutions to life for solving challenges and creating the future. This also provides the solutions for building, running, and managing applications over multiple clouds, on-premises, and at the edge using the tools and frameworks of your choice.

2. What is Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)?

IaaS uses a pay-as-you-go model for taking IT infrastructure, servers, and VM, storage, networks, operating systems from a cloud provider. This refers to a type of cloud computing service that offers essential compute, storage, and networking resources.

3. Define Platform as a service (PaaS).

Platform as a service refers to cloud computing services used for supplying an on-demand environment for developing, testing, delivering, and managing software applications. This is designed for making it easier for developers to build web or mobile apps, without any need for setting up or managing the underlying infrastructure of servers, storage, network, and databases needed for development.

4. What is Serverless computing?

Serverless computing focuses on creating app functionality without spending time continually managing the servers and infrastructure required to do so. The cloud provider controls the setup, capacity planning, and server management for you. However, Serverless architectures are highly scalable and event-driven and they only use resources when a specific function or trigger occurs.

5. What is Software as a service (SaaS)?

Software as a service is referred to as a method for delivering software applications over the Internet, on-demand, and typically on a subscription basis. Using SaaS, cloud providers host and manage the software application and underlying infrastructure, and control maintenance like software upgrades and security patching. 

6. What is a Public Cloud?

Public clouds are basically owned and utilized by third-party cloud service providers. They further deliver their computing resources, like servers and storage, over the Internet. For example, Microsoft Azure is a public cloud. By using a public cloud, all hardware, software, and other supporting infrastructure is owned and managed by the cloud provider. 

7. What is a Private cloud?

A private cloud refers to cloud computing resources that are used by a single business or organization. This can be physically located on the company’s on-site data center. However, some companies also pay third-party service providers for hosting their private cloud. 

8. Define Hybrid cloud.

Hybrid clouds refer to the combination of public and private clouds bounded together by technology. However, by allowing data and applications for moving between private and public clouds, a hybrid cloud gives your business greater flexibility, more deployment options, and helps in optimizing your existing infrastructure, security, and compliance.

9. Can you name the principal segments of the Azure platform?

There are three principal segments in Azure:

1. Windows Azure Compute

This segment provides code that a hosting environment manages. Moreover, it consists of three roles which are Web Role, Worker Role, and VM Role.

2. Windows Azure Storage

This provides storage solutions using the services like Queue, Tables, Blobs, and Windows Azure Drives (VHD).

3. Windows Azure AppFabric

This consists of services like Service bus, Access, Caching, Integration, and Composite.

10. What is Azure CDN?

Azure CDN stands for Content Delivery Network which helps in providing quick responsiveness, handling the bandwidth, and reducing the load time during the development process of websites, applications, gaming software, and more.

11. When an issue is said to be break-fix in Azure?

Break-Fix situation refers to the technical fault that arises when the functions designed for supporting the performance of technology fail to achieve their core implementation.

12. Define Azure HDInsight.

Azure HDInsight is a component of Hadoop components that helps in processing a large amount of data in an effective, seamless, and quick manner. Moreover, it also offers complete control for managing the configuration of the clusters and software installed.

13. What is a Role in Azure?

The role can be defined as a set of permission that helps in executing the read and write operation. There are approximately 120 roles in Azure RBAC.

14. Define MOSS.

MOSS stands for Microsoft SharePoint Server which refers to a portal-based platform used for managing, directing, building, and sharing documents. This creates “Sharepoint Portals” that consist of shared applications, workspaces, and documents. These can further be accessed using the Web Browser. However, it behaves the same as a Content Management System (CMS).

15. What do you understand by the Azure deployments slot?

Deployment slots located under the Azure Web App Service. They are basically of two types, Production slot, and Staging slot. Where the production slot refers to the default one that is used for running applications. And the staging slots help in testing the application usability before promoting to the production slot.

16. Explain the ways for managing the session state in Azure?

For managing the sessions state you can use SQL Azure, Windows Azure Caching, and Azure Table.

17. Explain the process for communicating with two Virtual Networks?

For creating communication between two Virtual Network there is a requirement for firstly, creating a Gateway subnet. The gateway subnet is configured while defining the range of the Virtual network. Further, it uses the IP addresses for specifying the quantity of subnet to be contained.

18. Name the Azure service which can help in speeding up the app development using an event-driven, serverless architecture.

You can use the Azure function which will help in developing more efficiently with Functions. That is to say, Azure functions refer to an event-driven serverless compute platform used for solving complex orchestration problems. Moreover, you can create and debug locally without any need for setting up, deploying, and operating at scale in the cloud.

19. What is Application Gateway?

Application gateway refers to a type of load balancer used for managing and monitoring the traffic of web applications. This is customized under the application layer of the OSI model. Moreover, they also help in URL- based routing, SSL termination, handling sessions, monitoring the HTTP traffic, and Web Application firewall management

20. What is the role of Table storage in Azure?

Azure Table storage is used for storing non-relational structured data in the cloud by providing a key/attribute store with a strategic design. This stores flexible datasets like 

• Firstly, user data for web applications address books

• Secondly, device information

• Lastly, types of metadata. 

• Further, it has the capability of storing large amounts of structured data.

21. Can you provide some of the uses of Azure table storage?

The Common uses of Table storage include:

• Firstly, storing TBs of structured data having ability to serve web-scale applications

• Secondly, storing datasets that don’t need complex joins, foreign keys, or stored procedures and can be denormalized for fast access

• Then, using a clustered index for quickly querying data

• Lastly, using the OData protocol and LINQ queries with WCF Data Service .NET Libraries for accessing data. 

22. Define Azure Blob Storage.

Azure Blob storage refers to Microsoft’s object storage solution for the cloud. This is designed for storing massive amounts of unstructured data. 

23. What are the major uses of Azure Blob Storage?

This helps in:

• Firstly, serving images or documents directly to a browser.

• Secondly, storing files for distributed access.

• Thirdly, streaming video and audio.

• Then, writing to log files.

• Lastly, storing data for backup and restore disaster recovery, and archiving.

24. Define the following in Blob Storage.

1. Storage Account

A storage account is for providing a unique namespace in Azure for your data. Every object stored in Azure Storage has an address that includes your unique account name. Further, the combination of the account name and the Azure Storage blob endpoint creates the base address for the objects in your storage account.

2. Containers

A container is for organizing a set of blobs to a directory in a file system. There can be an unlimited number of containers in a storage account and a container can store an unlimited number of blobs.

3. Blobs

Azure Storage has three types of blobs:

• Firstly, Block blobs for storing text and binary data.

• Secondly, Append blobs. They are built from blocks like block blobs but they perform append operations.

• Lastly, Page blobs for storing random access files up to 8 TiB in size. 

25. Define Availability Set?

An availability set refers to a logical grouping of VMs that provides access to Azure for understanding how your application is created for providing redundancy and availability. It is recommended that two or more VMs are built within an availability set for providing a highly available application and for meeting the 99.9% Azure SLA. However, there is no such cost for the Availability Set, you only pay for each VM instance that you create.

28. Define autoscaling in Azure?

Azure is well known for providing scaling services that work automatically when required. The scaling depends on the use, time, and traffic that comes to our application. For example, the traffic will be higher during the validation on any application or website. Then, Azure automatically modifies the setting and provides the resources as needed.

29. Explain Azure Active Directory (AD) service?

Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) refers to a multi-tenant cloud-based identity and directory management service which is a mixture of core directory services, application access management, and identity protection.

30. Define Azure Storage Queues.

Azure Queue Storage refers to a service for storing large numbers of messages. In this, you can have access to messages from anywhere globally via authenticated calls using HTTP or HTTPS. However, a queue message can be up to 64 KB in size. Further, it used for creating a backlog of work for processing asynchronously.

31. What are Azure Service Bus Queues?

Service bus queues help in queuing, publishing, and subscribing advanced integration patterns. They are a general-purpose technology used for a wide variety of scenarios that includes the communication between web and worker roles in a multi-tier Azure application. 

32. Define Azure Traffic Manager.

Azure Traffic Manager refers to a DNS-based traffic load balancer that provides access for distributing traffic to your public-facing applications over the global Azure regions. This also provides public endpoints with high availability and quick responsiveness. Moreover, it uses DNS for directing the client requests to the appropriate service endpoint depending on a traffic-routing method. Further, you can also keep a check on every endpoint using health monitoring.

33. What is Azure Load Balancer?

Azure Load Balancer runs at layer 4 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. This refers to the single point of contact for clients. Further, it helps in distributing the inbound flows that appear at the load balancer’s front end to backend pool instances. These flows are as per the configured load-balancing rules and health research. However, the backend pool instances can be Azure Virtual Machines or instances in a virtual machine scale set.

34. Explain the public and private load balancer.

• A public load balancer helps in providing outbound connections for virtual machines (VMs) within a virtual network. These connections are achieved by translating private IP addresses to public IP addresses. Further, they are used for load balancing internet traffic to your VMs.

• An internal (or private) load balancer is used where private IPs are needed at the frontend only. They are for load balancing traffic within a virtual network.

35. What are Windows virtual machines in Azure?

Azure Virtual Machines (VM) or Windows Virtual Machines refers to an on-demand, scalable computing resource that Azure provides. VM helps in taking over the control of the computing environment. Moreover, the Azure VM provides the flexibility of virtualization without having any need for buying and maintaining the physical hardware running it. But, there is a need for maintaining the VM during performing tasks like configuring, patching, and installing the software running it.

36. I want to create a VM. What things should I consider before creating a VM?

There is always a multitude of design considerations while creating an application infrastructure in Azure. However, before starting, take a look at the following aspects of a VM:

• Firstly, the names of your application resources

• Secondly, the location where the resources are stored

• Thirdly, the size of the VM

• Then, the maximum number of VMs that can be built

• After that, the operating system that the VM runs

• Next, the configuration of the VM after it starts

• Lastly, the related resources that the VM requires

37. Define Azure App Service.

Azure App Service refers to an HTTP service for hosting web applications, REST APIs, and mobile backends. This is capable with languages like .NET, .NET Core, Java, Ruby, Node.js, PHP, or Python. This helps in running applications with ease on both Windows and Linux-based environments. Moreover, it provides the power of Microsoft Azure to your application, such as security, load balancing, autoscaling, and automated management. Lastly, it also consists of DevOps capabilities like continuous deployment from Azure DevOps, GitHub, Docker Hub, and other sources.

38. What is the main role of the Azure Service Level Agreement (SLA)?

Azure SLA service makes sure that while sending two or more role instances for each role, access to your cloud service will be maintained 9 out of 10 times. This explains Microsoft’s commitments for uptime and connectivity.

39. Define Azure ML Studio.

Azure ML Studio refers to a feature that consists of a package used for classification, ranking, clustering, anomaly detection, and recommendation. This also includes a drag and drop utility for making process performance easy. Further, it has supported frameworks like TensorFlow, SparkML, Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit, and more.

40 Define Azure Notification Hub.

Azure Notification Hub refers to a Microsoft notification service. In this, the notifications can be sent to various platforms like Windows, Android, iOS, WindowsPhone. However, it is like an infrastructure that sends a push notification to any platform. Further, using this service, you can monitor, schedule, and measure the push notification. It has two components, tags, and templates.

41. What do you understand by Azure Service Bus?

Azure Service Bus can be defined as a cloud technology used for messaging and communicating between different applications and devices. This helios the message brokers for conducting the processing of messages and messaging stores for caching the messages. Queue and topic are the entities in Azure Service Bus.

42. What is the role of the hybrid cloud in Azure?

Hybrid clouds refer to the combination of public and private clouds bounded together by technology. However, by allowing data and applications for moving between private and public clouds, a hybrid cloud gives your business greater flexibility, more deployment options, and helps in optimizing your existing infrastructure, security, and compliance.

43. What is Text Analysis API?

Azure ML Text Analysis API refers to a cloud-based service used for the NLP of raw Text. This performs four tasks:

• Firstly, language detection

• Secondly, key-phrase extraction

• Thirdly, sentiment analysis

• Lastly, entity recognition.

44. Define Azure Web App.

Azure Web App is a type of platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) that is used for developing the user interactive, multi-functional, secured, scalable, and highly reliable application. This service also helps in hosting web applications by creating, deploying, and running applications. Azure Web App comes under.

45. What is the major role of the Azure Web App?

Azure Web App provides high scalability, Multi-Language support, DevOps Optimization, Compliance and Security, Easy Integration with Visual Studio and Code, Serverless Code, and low maintenance cost.

46. What is the role of the dead letter queue in Azure?

The role of the dead-letter queue is to hold messages that can’t be delivered to any receiver, or messages that can no longer be processed. After this, messages can be removed from the DLQ and inspected. Using the help of an operator an application might correct issues and resubmit the message and log the fact that there was an error. However, the DLQ is mostly similar to any other queue, except that messages can only be submitted via the dead-letter operation of the parent entity. 

47. What is Azure Monitoring?

Azure Monitor refers to a Microsoft used for analyzing, collecting, and measuring data on on-premise and cloud environments. Further, it also helps in identifying the issues in a split of a second in order for improving performance.

48. Explain the term Verbose Monitoring in Azure.

It is used for collecting data performance matrix inside the particular role instance for analyzing the circumstances that appear while processing the application.

49. Is there any support for continuous integration/deployment of custom containers in Azure?

Yes, for private registries, you can update the container by stopping and then re-starting your web app. Moreover, you can also modify or add a dummy application setting for forcing an update of your container.

50. Name the types of RBAC controls in Microsoft Azure.

The types of RBAC controls are:

• Firstly, the Owner. This is for providing complete access to all resources including the right for assigning access to others.

• Secondly, Contributor. This helps in building and managing all types of Azure resources but it cannot provide access to others.

• Lastly, Reader. Using this, you can view existing Azure resources.

51. I am facing an Azure Virtual Machine encounters issues generated by user configurations or host infrastructure. What should I do?

For this kind of issue, move the virtual machine to a different host. Take help of redeploying blade virtual machine for moving it.

52. Write down the steps for moving an Azure Virtual Machine from one virtual network to another virtual network?

• Firstly, delete a virtual machine in VNET1

• Secondly, create a virtual machine in VNET2

• Lastly, join the existing disk to the newly created VM

53. What is the process of resizing a virtual machine in the Azure Availability Set?

• Firstly, terminate all VMs in the availability set

• Secondly, resize the one VM

• Thirdly, begin the resizing of the VM that you want 

• Lastly, after successfully resizing, start with the other VMs

54. Company ABC provides manufacturing facilities globally. Each facility consists of various machines that produce products. The machines create many messages daily for reporting progress, quality control metrics, and alerts. I want to design a solution for receiving and processing messages from the machines. Which Azure service will best suitable for this?

For this, I will use Azure Event Hubs. This service refers to a highly scalable data streaming platform and ingestion service which has the ability to receive and operate millions of events per second. So, this process and stores events, data, or measures created by distributed software and devices. Further, the data sent can be converted and stored using any real-time analytics provider.

55. What is the role of Azure Diagnostics API?

Azure Diagnostics API is used for collecting diagnostic data like performance monitoring, and system event log from the applications that are running on Azure. Further, it can be used for:

• Firstly, monitoring of the data

• Secondly, building visual chart representations

• Thirdly, creating performance metric alerts.

56. Define Block Blob.

Block blobs contain blocks in which each is identified by a block ID. Using this, you can build or modify a block blob by uploading a set of blocks and committing them by their block IDs. However, if you are uploading a block blob that equal to or less than 64 MB in size, then,  you can use the single Put Blob operation to upload it in its entirety.

57. What is a page blob?

Page blobs refer to a set of pages. In this, a page is a range of data that is recognized by its offset from the start of the blob. Further, for creating a page blob, you initialize the page blob by calling Put Blob and defining its maximum size.

58. What do you understand by swap deployments?

For promoting a deployment in the Azure staging environment to the production environment, you can swap the deployments by moving the VIPs by which the two deployments are accessed. After deploying, the DNS name for the cloud service points to the deployment which is present in the staging environment.

59. Which class should I use while retrieving the data?

The SPSite Data query is used for retrieving the data present in different lists. This is to sort and aggregates data using the help of SharePoint.

60. Define ARM template.

ARM stands for Azure Resource Manager Template which defines the resource required for the solutions. However, they are basically a JSON file that helps Azure for running as Azure Infrastructure as Code.

61. What are Microservices?

Microservices refers to the method in which the core functions are created independently. And, after creating, they are integrated for completing the process. However, in this, if one of the functions fails then, it will not affect the other functions. This is created for delivering the services faster.

62. What is Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)?

Azure Kubernetes Services is for deploying and managing containerized applications easily. This provides:

• Firstly, a serverless Kubernetes

• Secondly, an integrated continuous integration

• Thirdly, continuous delivery (CI/CD) experience

• Lastly, enterprise-grade security and governance. 

63. Define Azure CosmosDB.

Microsoft offers CosmosDB which refers to a Platform as a Service (PaaS). This is considered a NoSQL cloud-based database and it consists of an Azure Document database. Further, this is accessible for all the Azure Regions and the data present in CosmosDB can be distributed and replicated globally. This also includes capacity management, automatic scaling, and serverless databases for helping in matching the demand with storage capacity.

64. Define service definition file and configuration file.

The cloud service definition file (.csdef) is for providing the definition of the service model and the number of roles. On the other hand, the cloud service configuration file (.csfg) is for providing a smooth configuration setting for cloud service and individual roles with the number of role instances.

65. Which CosmosDB is best suitable for providing temporary access to Cosmos DB to your application?

For getting temporary access to your Azure Cosmos DB account, you can use the read-write and read access URLs.

66. What are read-write and read access URLs in CosmosDB?

• Read-Write can be defined as when you share the Read-Write URL with other users. This allows them to view and change the databases, collections, queries, and other resources linked with that specific account.

• Read can be defined as when you share the read-only URL with other users. This allows them to view the databases, collections, queries, and other resources lined with that specific account. For example, if you want to share the output of a query with your teammates. So, you can provide them access by giving this URL.

67. Explain Virtual Machine scale sets in Azure.

VM scale sets refer to the Azure compute resource whose function is to deploy and manage a set of identical VMs. These scale sets provide a simple process for creating large-scale services targeting big compute, big data, and containerized workloads if all the VMs configured the same.

68. Which service should I use for achieving high availability by autoscaling to create thousands of VMs in minutes?

Virtual Machine Scale Sets can be used. This helps in creating large-scale services for batch, big data, and container workloads. Further, you can create and manage a group of heterogeneous load-balanced virtual machines (VMs). Moreover, here you can increase or decrease the number of VMs automatically in response to demand or depending on a schedule you define. This also helps in centrally managing, configuring, and updating thousands of VMs and provides higher availability and security for your applications.

69. How can we deploy Azure virtual machines on a physical server that can only be used by your organization?

For this, you can use Azure Dedicated Host. This offers physical servers that host one or more Azure virtual machines. Using this, your server is dedicated only to your organization and workloads with no involvement of other customers. This host-level isolation further helps in addressing the compliance requirements. Lastly, after provisioning the host, you gain visibility and control over the server infrastructure and then, you can regulate the host’s maintenance policies.

70. Differentiate Azure SQL Database and SQL managed instance.

• Azure SQL Database refers to a fully managed platform as a service (PaaS) database engine that controls most of the database management functions like upgrading, patching, backups, and monitoring without user involvement. This always runs on the latest stable version of the SQL Server database engine. Moreover, it consists of PaaS capabilities that help in focusing on the domain-specific database administration and optimization activities that are critical for your business.

• Azure SQL Managed Instance refers to an intelligent, scalable cloud database service that joins the broadest SQL Server database engine compatibility with all the benefits of a fully managed platform as a service. This is compatible with the latest SQL Server database engine, providing a native virtual network (VNet) implementation that addresses common security concerns, and a business model favorable for existing SQL Server customers. Further, it allows existing SQL Server customers to lift and shift their on-premises applications to the cloud with minimal application and database changes. 

71. Define dedicated SQL pool. 

A dedicated SQL pool can be referred to as a collection of analytic resources that are provisioned when using Synapse SQL. The size of a dedicated SQL pool is set on by Data Warehousing Units. They have capabilities for storing data in relational tables with columnar storage. This format significantly decreases the data storage costs and improves query performance. After storing the data, you can execute analytics on a massive scale. 

72. What is the role of Azure Synapse Analytics?

Azure Synapse Analytics refers to an analytics service that is used for bringing together enterprise data warehousing and Big Data analytics.

73. What makes Azure Data lake storage different from Azure blob storage?

Blob storage good at non-text-based files that includes database backups, photos, videos, and audio files. Whereas data lake is designed for large volumes of text data. However, for using text file data to be loaded into my data warehouse, Data lake would be a better option.

74. Explain the best practice of using dynamic variables for build pipelines in Azure DevOps?

This can be performed by associating a Variable Group with the build pipelines. However, variable groups are used for storing pipeline-based variables and can be associated with Azure Key Vault.

75. What do you recommend, if you are in the security administrator role for the company’s Azure account. And you have to analyze security recommendations for multiple subscriptions and require to enforce strict compliance for them. 

Firstly, create an initiative with built-in and custom policies for recommendations and allocate the initiative at the management group scope. However, for creating a compliance mechanism for multiple subscriptions, you should build an initiative and allocate it to a management group for good management.

76. Name the Application Gateway features that provide Web App protection from common exploits.

For this, you can use the Web application firewall feature of the application gateway.

77. Write down the Azure CLI command for creating a new Azure AD user.

The command is, az ad user create.

78. Write down the PowerShell cmdlet for encrypting a managed disk in Azure.

The answer is, Set-AzVMDiskEncryptionExtension.

79. You want to improve the Dockerfile with great readability and maintenance. You decided to use Multiple Stage Builds. What things will you consider while using Multiple Stage Builds?

• Firstly I will check for adopting Container Modularity

• Secondly, I will avoid including Application Data, any unnecessary packages, and then, select an Appropriate Base. 

However, Multi-stage build is a new feature that needs Docker 17.05 or higher on the daemon and client. These are useful to anyone who has struggled to improve Dockerfiles while keeping them easy to read and maintain.

80. ABC company is using Azure DevOps for the build pipelines and deployment pipelines of Java-based projects. They need a technique for managing technical debt. What would you recommend?

Firstly, there must be configuring of the pre-deployment approvals in the deployment pipeline as analysis should be at the pre-deployment stage. Secondly, it integrates Azure DevOps and SonarQube. SonarQube is used for examining the technical debt.

81. Define Asynchronous and Parallel programming.

• When you execute something asynchronously that means that it is non-blocking. Here, you will execute it without waiting for it to complete and carry on with other things. 

• Parallelism can define as running multiple things at the same time, in a parallel manner. This works well when you can separate tasks into independent pieces of work. 

82. Define Scalability.

Scalability refers to the ability of a system, network, or process for controlling a growing amount of load by adding more resources. The adding of resource can be performed in two ways:

• Scaling Up

• Scaling Down

83. Explain the process of scaling up and down ins scalability.

• Scaling up refers to adding more resources to the existing nodes. For example, adding more storage, or processing power.

• Scaling Out refers to adding more nodes to support more users.

However, any methods can be used for scaling up/out an application. Further, the cost of adding resources depends on the volume change. 

84. What is NoSQL?

NoSQL databases are interchangeably defined as nonrelational or NoSQL DBs which are used for managing large volumes of unstructured data in various ways than a relational database with rows and tables. Further, they help professionals and developers for managing the new challenges of the ever-expanding diversity of data types and models and are highly effective at handling unpredictable data, often with blazing-fast query speeds. 

85. What is RDBMS?

RDBS stands for Relational Database Management System which is developed on a relational model of data. The major role of RDBMS is to store the data in separate tables and they are related to the use of a common column. However, data can be accessed easily from the relational database using Structured Query Language (SQL).

86. Explain lower latency interaction.

Low latency can be defined as the very little delay between the request time and the response time. However, it is applied to WebSockets. This means the data can be sent faster because of the established connection. Further, there is no need for extra packet roundtrips to create the TCP connection.

87. Define Domain-Driven Design.

Domain-Driven Design refers to the process prescription for the development of complex systems. The main focus of DDD is o mapping activities, tasks, events, and data inside a problem domain into the technology artifacts of a solution domain.

88. What is the role of Clustering?

Clustering is necessary for achieving high availability for server software. This helps in reaching the availability or zero downtime in service. Further, by building a cluster of more than one machine, you can reduce the chances of our service going un-available in case one of the machines fails.

89. What is the ACID property?

ACID property refers to basic rules that have to be satisfied by every transaction for preserving integrity. There are properties and rules which include:

1. Atomicity

It’s an all or none concept which helps in enabling the user to be assured of handling the incomplete transactions. In this, every transaction is taken as one unit and either run to completion or is not executed at all.

2. Consistency

This property defines the uniformity of the data. However, it implies that the database remains consistent before and after the transaction.

3. Isolation

This property defines the number of the transaction executed concurrently without leading to the inconsistency of the database state.

4. Durability

This property makes sure after the transaction is committed, it will be stored in the non-volatile memory. And, then even system crash cannot affect it anymore.

90. Explain CAP Theorem.

The CAP Theorem states that it is impossible to create an implementation of read-write storage/system in an asynchronous network that satisfies the following properties:

• Firstly, Availability

• Secondly, Consistency

• Lastly, Partition tolerance

91. Explain the microservice approach and monolithic app.

• Microservice architecture refers to a form of the service-oriented architecture structure. This arranges an application as a collection of loosely coupled services. In this, the services are fine-grained and the protocols are lightweight. 

• A monolithic application refers to a single-tiered software application that allows the user interface and data access code to merge into one program from one platform. However, this is self-contained and independent from other computing applications.

92. Who is a solution architect?

Solution architects are responsible for designing and changing the systems architecture for meeting the business requirements. They ensure that certain business issues are resolved using the testing, integration, and programming of software systems.

93. Explain Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is the technology that provides computing services like servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence over the Internet (cloud) for faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. The cloud services help in lowering your operating costs, running your infrastructure more efficiently, and scaling as your business needs change.

94. What is Fault Tolerance?

Fault tolerance refers to the property that makes a system operate continuously even when one or more of its components fail. This brings undesirable reactions that can lead to a plant shutdown. For detecting a failure tolerance, use a set of techniques that can enhance the system availability and minimize safety hazard risks which are called fault tolerance control. Further, after identifying the fault, figure out the remedial actions for correcting the identified fault.

95. Name the tools used by an IT Solutions Architect.

Some of the tools include:

• Firstly, Nagios. This refers to an open-source application used for monitoring networks, systems, and infrastructure.

• Secondly, Git. This refers to a version control system used for tracking the changes made in source codes during the development of software.

• Thirdly, Travis. This is an integrated tool used for creating and testing software projects.

• Then, Java. This is an object-oriented coding language for developing applications.

• Lastly, Docker.  This provides an application containerization platform for packaging software or applications in filesystems. 

96. What is the process of improving the existing software? 

You can perform an upgrade to improve an existing system. There always updates in the software, so it is important to keep it up-to-date for getting a smooth performance and keeping it secure.

97. Explain the metrics for validating solution compliance with enterprise architecture.

Testing is used for validating a software solution and ascertain its compliance with enterprise architecture. This discloses the compatibility of the application with the existing architecture. Further, you can also use architecture documentation for determining solution compliance. 

98. Define Web Application.

A web application can be defined as a computer program that uses web technology and a browser for executing tasks on the internet. 

99. Name the components of the web applications.

The components are:

• Firstly, the View layer. This provides an interface to the application for receiving information in and out of the application.

• Secondly, the Business layer. This receives user requests from the internet, processes them, and decides the routes using which the information will be accessed. 

• Thirdly, the Data access layer. This keeps the code that clients use for pulling information from their data stores like flat files, databases, or several web services.

• Lastly, the Error security, handling, and logging. This handles the errors to make users feel secured and informed.

100. Which service in Azure can be used to manage resources?

Azure Resource Manager manages the resources in Microsoft Azure. It uses a simple JSON script for deploying, managing, and deleting all the resources together.

Q1: Assume that your manager consults you as an Azure Administrator to find a solution that helps in distributing the different types of content to the customers globally with the highest possible bandwidth. Which Azure solution will you suggest to your manager ?

Azure Content Delivery Network (CDN)

Q2: In one of your Azure related projects, you are consulted as an Azure administrator to suggest an Azure solution that helps in creating Windows and Linux virtual machines from a custom image that allows you to test your applications directly using your deployment pipelines, with the ability to schedule the start and the shutdown of the virtual machines automatically, minimizing the waste on the resources. Which Azure solution will you suggest in order to achieve that ?

Azure DevTest Labs.

Q3: In one of your Azure related project tasks, you are requested to find an environment that helps you to build a machine learning solutions using the previously existing machine learning algorithms with the ability to test and deploy the project using the same tool. Which Azure solution will you use ?

Azure Machine Learning Studio

Q4: Assume that the development team in your company consults you as an Azure administrator to suggest an Azure solution that can be used to manage, scale, and orchestrate the deployment of the container-based application that they have developed. Which Azure solution will you suggest ?

Azure Kubernetes.

Q5: You have defined a number of Azure policies that aim to achieve a specific goal in your Azure site. Which Azure solution will you use to organize these policies into one group and makes it easier to manage it ?

Azure Initiative Definition.

Q6: You are planning to implement disaster recovery for your application that is hosted in Azure. Which Azure concept will you consider to achieve that ?

Replicate your application in different Azure Regions.

Q7: If the development team of your company consults you to suggest an Azure service that can be used to host the different parts of your web application. Which Azure service will you suggest ?

Azure App Service.

Q8: As a proactive Azure administrator, which Azure tool will you use to deploy repeatable resources to Azure in the most efficient way ?

Azure Resource Manager Templates.

Q9: You are planning to deploy several Azure Virtual machines to host your applications. During the cost calculation phase, what are the two main factors that you will consider while deploying your virtual machines to Azure with the least possible cost ?

The size of the virtual machine and the Azure region where we will deploy the virtual machine.

Q10: If you have an existing on-premises environment and you plan to move the whole environment to Azure. Which tool you can use to estimate the cost of your on-premises environment in Azure ?

Azure Total Cost of Ownership.

Q11: You are planning to build a policy to ensure that only the related team can deploy the Virtual machines and configure them. Which Azure tool will you use to achieve that ?

Azure Role-Based Access Control.

Q12: You are planning to build a policy to ensure that the Virtual machine administration team can deploy the Virtual machines with a specific size. Which Azure tool will you use to achieve that ?

Azure Policies.

Q13: If you plan to prevent any user from deleting a specific Virtual Machine that you have deployed. How could you achieve that ?

Using the Delete option of the Azure Locks.

Q14: Working as an Azure administrator, assume that you have deployed your applications to Azure Virtual machines. How could you restrict the traffic into these Azure virtual machines to be accepted only from specific sources ?

Azure Network Security Group (NSG).

Q15: You have defined a number of secrets and certificates to secure your Azure applications. Where could you store and secure this critical information with the ability to import it from your applications without the need to interact with the private key materials ?

Azure Key Vault.

Q16: How could you secure your applications in Azure against the attacks that overwhelm a network resource by sending too many requests and makes the applications becomes slow or unresponsive ?

Using Azure DDoS Protection.

Q17: Working as an Azure administrator, an engineer from the development team complains that one of their virtual machines was shut down yesterday without notifying them. Where should you look to identify who shut down that virtual machine ?

Look at the Azure Activity Logs.

Q18: If you plan to deploy one of your Azure virtual machines in a separate network segment. How could you achieve that ?

Deploy the server to a separate virtual network (VNET).

Q19: In order to increase the availability of your company applications, you are requested to find a solution that can be used to distribute the traffic to your backend Azure virtual machines based on the attributes of the HTTP request received from the clients. Which Azure solution will you use to achieve that ?

Azure Application Gateway.

Q20: Working as an Azure administrator, you are planning to configure an Azure solution that can be used to detect the sensitive data in the emails and the documents and protect it using labels. Which Azure solution can you use to achieve that ?

Microsoft Azure Information Protection 

1. What is Azure Cloud Service?

Cloud service can convey multiple web applications in Azure, characterizing a number of parts to disseminate handling and permit adaptable scaling of your application. A cloud service comprises a minimum of one web part, as well as specialist parts, each with its own particular application documents and design. The fundamental favorable position of cloud service is the capacity to help more complex multilevel structures.

Learn end-to-end Azure concepts through the Microsoft Azure Course in Hyderabad to take your career to a whole new level!

2. Differentiate between Microsoft Azure and AWS.

Features Microsoft Azure Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Analytics Azure Stream Analytics Amazon Kinesis

Backup Options Azure Backup Amazon Glacier

Compliance Azure Trust Center AWS CLoudHSM

Content Delivery Network (CDN) Azure CDN Amazon CloudFront

Data Orchestration Azure Data Factory AWS Data Pipeline

Hybrid Cloud Storage StorSimple AWS Storage Gateway

Monitoring Azure Operational Insights Amazon CloudTrail

NoSQL Database Options Azure DocumentDB Amazon DynamoDB

3. What is Azure DevOps?

Azure DevOps is a SaaS platform that provides development services for creating work plans, working together on code, developing applications, and deploying them. It offers an end-to-end DevOps toolchain for the development and deployment of software. It is able to integrate with a number of popular tools in the market and is a great way for setting up a DevOps toolchain.

Learn more about Azure DevOps from this Azure DevOps Interview Questions blog by Intellipaat.

4. What is Azure Active Directory (Azure AD)?

Azure AD is a cloud-based IAM solution and directory by Microsoft. It brings together application access management, core directory services, and identity protection and turns them into a single solution. It helps employees of an organization sign in and access resources such as:

• External resources, including Microsoft 365, the Azure portal, and a big number of SaaS applications

• Internal resources, such as apps on a corporate network and intranet, as well as any cloud-based apps built by that organization

Azure AD is intended for use by:

• IT Admins

• App Developers

• Azure, Office 365, Microsoft 365, or Dynamics CRM online subscribers

5. What is Azure Data Factory?

Azure Data Factory is a serverless and cloud-based data integration service and platform used for the creation of ETL and ELT pipelines. It helps in the creation of data-driven workflows for the planning and execution of data movements and data transformation at scale.

6. What is Azure Databricks?

Azure Databricks is a Data Analytics platform that offers two environments for the development of data-intensive applications: 

• Azure Databricks SQL Analytics 

• Azure Databricks Workspace

Azure Databricks’ integration with the security, compute, analytics, storage, and AI services that are natively provided by cloud providers facilitate the unification of data and AI workloads.

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7. What is Azure Data Lake?

Azure Data Lake is a cloud platform that supports Big Data Analytics through its unlimited storage for structured, semi-structured, or unstructured data of all types and sizes.

8. What are Azure resources?

Any entity managed by Azure can be referred to as an Azure resource. The following are some examples of Azure resources: Storage accounts, virtual networks, virtual machines, etc.

9. What are the roles implemented in Windows Azure?

• Web Role

• Worker Role

• Virtual Machine Role

 

Web Role: It gives a web solution that is front-end. This is like an ASP.NET application. While under facilitating, Azure gives IIS and required services.

Worker Role: It gives solutions for background service. It can run long activities.

Virtual Machine Role: The roles of both web and worker are executed on virtual machines. The Virtual Machine Roles give the client the capacity to modify the Azure Virtual Machine on which the web and worker roles are running.

Go through this Microsoft Azure Certification to get a clear understanding of various certifications Microsoft Azure!

10. What are the three principal segments of the Windows Azure platform?

 

Windows Azure has three principal segments: Compute, Storage, and Fabric.

A. Windows Azure Compute

Windows Azure gives a code that can be managed by the hosting environment. It gives the calculation benefit through parts. Windows Azure backs three types of roles:

• Web roles utilized for web application programming and upheld by IIS7

• Worker roles utilized for foundation handling of web roles

• Virtual machine (VM) roles utilized for moving windows server applications to Windows Azure in a simple way

B. Windows Azure Storage

It gives four types of storage services:

• Queues for informing between web parts and worker roles

• Tables for storing structural data

• BLOBs (Binary Large Objects) to store contents, records, or vast information

• Windows Azure Drives (VHD) to mount a page BLOB. These can be transferred and downloaded by means of BLOBs

C. Windows Azure AppFabric

AppFabric provides five services:

• Service bus

• Access

• Caching

• Integration

• Composite

Learn from the Azure DevOps Tutorial blog by Intellipaat.

11. Define Windows Azure AppFabric.

Windows Azure Diagnostics empowers you to gather diagnostic data from an application running in Windows Azure. Diagnostic data is used for capacity planning and evaluation.

12. What is the distinction between Windows Azure Queues and Windows Azure Service Bus Queues?

Azure Queues give a solid, diligent messaging between and within the services. They also highlight a very straightforward rest-based get/put/peek interface.

Bus Queues are part of a more extensive Windows Azure messaging framework that supports queuing.

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13. What is table storage in Windows Azure?

Windows Azure Table storage service stores a lot of organized information. Windows Azure tables are perfect for putting away organized, non-relational data.

 

Table: A table is a collection of entities. Tables don’t uphold a blueprint on elements, which implies that a solitary table can contain substances that have distinctive arrangements of properties. A record can contain numerous tables.

Entity: An entity is an arrangement of properties, like a database row. An entity can be up to 1 MB in size.

Properties: A property is a name-value pair. Every entity can incorporate up to 252 properties to store data. Every entity likewise has three system properties that determine a segment key, a row key, and a timestamp.

14. What is autoscaling in Azure?

Scaling by including extra instances is frequently referred to as scaling out. Windows Azure likewise supports scaling up by utilizing bigger roles rather than more role instances.

By adding and expelling role instances to our Windows Azure application while it is running, we can adjust the execution of the application against its running costs.

An autoscaling solution reduces the amount of manual work engaged in dynamically scaling an application.

15. What are the features of Windows Azure?

Windows Azure runs and stores the information on Microsoft data centers.

The main features are as follows:

• Websites enable the designers to assemble the sites utilizing ASP.NET, PHP, etc., and send these websites utilizing FTP, Git, etc.

• SQL database, formally known as Azure database, makes, broadens, and scales the application into the cloud utilizing Microsoft SQL Server.

• This is Microsoft’s Platform as a Service that supports multilevel applications and automated deployment.

16. What are the differences between a public cloud and a private cloud?

Private clouds are those that are constructed solely for an individual enterprise. They enable a firm to have applications in the cloud while tending to concerns with respect to data security and control that is frequently ailing in a public cloud environment.

Private cloud is otherwise called an internal cloud or enterprise cloud and dwells on the organization’s Intranet or hosted data center where the data is protected.

17. What is IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS?

IaaS: IaaS is short for Infrastructure as a Service. It offers a range of capabilities, such as OS and network connectivity, that are at the infrastructural level. It follows a pay-per-use policy. It is used to host applications. Azure VM and VNET are examples of this kind of infrastructure.

PaaS: PaaS is an acronym for Platform as a Service. It primarily includes underlying infrastructure abstraction that allows quicker development of applications without the hassle of hosting management. Azure web apps, cloud services, storage services, etc., are all examples of PaaS. 

SaaS: SaaS stands for Software as a Service.  These applications are delivered with the help of a service delivery model where applications are simply used by an organization. SaaS follows subscription-based payments or ads. Examples of SaaS are Gmail, Office 365, SharePoint Online, etc.

18. Is it possible to get a public DNS or IP address for the Azure Internal Load Balancer?

No. Azure Internal Load Balancer supports only private IP addresses.

19. What is Azure Resource Manager?

Azure Resource Manager, offered by Azure, provides management and application deployment in Azure. The management layer helps to build, modify, or delete resources in the Azure subscription account. It is useful while managing access controls, locks, and security of resources.

20. What is NSG?

NSG or Network Security Group contains a list of ACL rules that allow or deny network traffic to subnets, network interface cards (NICs) linked to a subnet, or both. When an NSG is connected to a subnet, the ACL rules are for all virtual machines that are located in that subnet. The traffic restrictions to an individual NIC are achieved by linking the NSG directly to that NIC.

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21. What is Azure Redis Cache?

Azure Redis Cache is an in-memory Redis cache system by Azure that helps web applications to optimize performance. Data is fetched from the backend database and stored in the Redis cache for the first request. On subsequent requests, data is fetched from the Redis cache. Azure Redis cache provides powerful and secure caching mechanisms by using Azure Cloud.

22. Define Azure storage key

Azure storage key is used to authenticate access to Azure storage service data depending on the project requirements. There are two types of storage keys that are used for authentication:

• Primary access key

• Secondary access key, to avoid downtime of the website or application

23. What is CSPack in Azure?

CSPack is a command-line tool that generates the service package file and prepares an application for deployment in Azure or Compute Emulator. Every cloud service type project includes the cloud service configuration file, .cscfg file, generated using CSPack. It stores:

• The number of role instances for each role deployment 

• The certificate thumbprints

• User-defined configurations

Intermediate Azure Interview Questions

24. Why is Azure Diagnostics API necessary?

Azure Diagnostics API helps to gather diagnostic data, such as system event logs and performance monitoring, from applications operating on Azure. Azure Diagnostics has to be enabled for the cloud service roles. The collected data can be later used for creating visual chart representations that enable better monitoring and create performance metric alerts.

25. What are the deployment environment options provided by Azure?

There are two deployment environments:

• Staging environment: It is used to validate the changes of an application before making it live.

• Production environment: This is where applications go live and can be accessed by target users with a DNS-friendly URL.

26. What is Azure Blob Storage?

Azure Blob (binary large object) storage is the object storage solution for the cloud. It is capable of storing large unstructured data in text or binary format and is suitable for serving documents, media, or text to the browser directly. The data is accessible from anywhere.

The blobs are grouped into containers and tied to user accounts. This service has three components:

• Storage account: This can be a general storage account or a blob storage account registered in Microsoft Azure.

• Container: Containers are used for grouping blobs. Each container can store an unlimited number of blobs. The container name should be in lowercase.

• Blob: A blob is a file or document of any type and size. Three kinds of blobs are supported by Azure:

o Block blobs: Text and binary files up to 195GB, 50,000 blocks of maximum 4 MB each

o Append blobs: Appends operations such as logging data in log files

o Page blobs: For frequent read or write operations

27. What is a role instance in Azure?

Role instance is a virtual machine where application code is run using running role configurations. Multiple instances of a role are also possible according to the definition in cloud service configuration files.

28. What is Windows Azure Portal?

To run an application, a designer gets to the Windows Azure Portal through his/her web program by logging in with a Windows Live ID. The user at that point chooses whether to create a host account for running applications, a storage account for storing data, or both.

Once the designer has a host account, he/she can utilize a Windows Azure Portal to submit applications to Windows Azure.

29. Explain Azure Fabric.

Azure Fabric is the principal core concept. It gives a service called Azure Fabric Controller. It is called the OS for Azure since it handles/oversees:

• All roles (processing) and resources

• Sending and activating services

• Monitoring the health of all services

• Releasing and allocating resources

• Provisioning VM, terminating, etc.

• Patches get updated for the installed OS on VM in the most automated form

30. What do you comprehend about Hybrid Cloud?

A hybrid cloud is a blend of internal and external cloud services, a mix of a private cloud joined with the utilization of public cloud services. This kind of cloud is most appropriate when you need to keep the classified information in your vicinity (private cloud) and consume alternate services from a public cloud.

 

31. What is a storage key?

Storage keys or access keys are utilized as a validation mode for accessing the storage services account to control data based on our prerequisites. In Windows Azure, we have an alternative to give a primary access key and a secondary access key, despite the fact that we will utilize a solitary access key to confirm our application to the storage. The primary reason to give the secondary access key is to avoid downtime to the application.

32. What is Windows Azure Traffic Manager?

It enables users to control the distribution of user traffic of installed Azure cloud services. There are three distinctive load-balancing strategies provided by Azure. The Manager who works on traffic applies a routing policy to the Domain Name Service (DNS) questions on your domain names and maps the DNS courses to the apt instances of your applications.

33. What is federation in SQL Azure?

Organization in SQL Azure is introduced for scalability. Federation helps both managers and developers scale information. It helps managers by making repartitioning and redistributing of information in a simpler manner. It enables developers in the layer of routing and sharing of information. It helps in routing without application downtime.

34. What is SQL Azure database?

SQL Azure database is just an approach to get associated with cloud services where you can store your database into the cloud. Microsoft Azure is the most ideal approach to utilize PaaS where you can have different databases on a similar account.

Microsoft SQL Azure has a similar component of SQL Server, i.e., high accessibility, versatility, and security in the core.

Microsoft Azure SQL database has an element; it makes backups of each active database automatically. Consistently a backup is taken and geo-repeated to empower the 1-hour recuperation point objective (RPO) for Geo-Restore.

35. What are the different types of Storage areas in Windows Azure?

BLOB: BLOBs offer a component for storing a lot of content or binary data, for example, pictures, audio, and visual documents. They can scale up to 200 terabytes and can be acquired by utilizing REST APIs.

Table: Tables represent storage areas across machines for information that is in the form of properties on the cloud.

Line: The sole target of a queue is to empower communication among Web and Worker Role instances. They help in storing messages that may be accessed by a customer.

36. What is the concept of the table in Windows Azure?

A table is a kind of Azure Storage where you can store your information. BLOBs are put in a compartment and an entity on a table.

Following are the key concepts in a table:

• Tables allow structured data storage.

• There can be 0 to n number of tables in a storage account.

• Tables store information as an accumulation of elements.

• An element has an essential key and properties as a key–value pair.

37. How to secure Azure functions?

One can secure Azure functions through the following:

• Security Center

• Log and monitor

• HTTPS

• Function access keys

• Authentication/authorization

• Permissions

• Secret management

• Set up usage quotas

• Data validation

• Error handling

• Disabled remote debugging

• Restricted CORS access

• Store the data encrypted

• Secure deployment

• Deployment credentials

• Disabled FTP

• Secure scm endpoint

• Continuous security validation

• Network security

38. What is Conditional Access in Azure?

Conditional Access is used by Azure AD as a tool to make decisions, bring signals together, and impose organizational policies.

Through Conditional Access policies, one can implement the right access controls whenever required to keep the organization secure and stay out of the users’ way when not needed.

39. When should you use a static IP address in Azure?

In Azure, a static IP address is used when the address connected to the device is not to be changed.

40. How does Azure Site Recovery work?

Site Recovery orchestrates and automates the replication of Azure VMs in different locations—on-premises machines to a secondary data center, and on-premises VMs and physical servers to Azure.

It contributes to business continuity and disaster recovery (BCDR) by enabling access to apps from the secondary location in case of an outage at the primary site.

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41. Why should you use Azure CDN?

Azure CDN reduces the bandwidth and load time. It also helps speed up the responsiveness.

42. Explain the benefits of Traffic Manager.

Azure Traffic Manager has the following benefits:

• Optimized performance

• No downtime during the update or maintenance process

• Easily configurable on the Windows Azure portal

43. What is the difference between a library and a list?

A library is an interface that enables the management and storage of a document created in Word, Excel, or PowerPoint. A list, on the other hand, is the representation of an item in a tabular format (with columns and rows). It can be attached with documents.

44. How many services are there in Azure?

Azure has over 6,000 flexible offerings, and it utilizes the data capacity offered by Microsoft for Software, Platform, and Infrastructure as a Service (SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS).

45. How many types of backups are there in Azure?

Azure Backup includes three types of replications that keep both storage and data highly available.

• Geo-redundant storage (GRS): The default and recommended option that replicates data to a secondary region far from the primary location

• Locally redundant storage (LRS): Creates three copies of the data in a storage scale unit within a data center

• Zone-redundant storage (ZRS): Replicates the data in availability zones with data residency and resiliency in the same region and has no downtime

That’s it for Intermediate Azure Interview questions and answers. Now, we will move on to advanced Azure Interview questions.

46. How can you have a common file-sharing system among multiple virtual machines?

Azure files system is used as a common repository system for data sharing among virtual machines that are configured using protocols such as NFS, FTPS, SMB, etc.

Advanced Azure Interview Questions

47. What is the TFS build system in Azure?

A build is the solution of an output. In Azure projects, you get the record with a .cspkg extension, that is, a Cloud Service Package is utilized for the deployment of your cloud administration.

Build Servers: In general terms, a build server is a machine where you put your deployment packages.

To utilize Team Foundation Build, you should have no less than one build machine. This machine can be a physical machine or a virtual machine.

Build Controllers: Manufacture Controllers are the component in the build system that accepts the build requests from any task inside the group project. Each build controller is dedicated to a solitary team project collection. So, there is a balanced relationship between a team project and a build controller.

Build Agents: Build Agents are components in the build system that accomplishes more processor-concentrated work.

48. What is Azure App Service?

Azure App Service is a completely managed Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) offering for proficient developers that conveys a rich arrangement of abilities to the web, mobile, and integration scenarios. Mobile apps in Azure App Service offer a very adaptable, universally accessible mobile application development platform for Enterprise Developers and System Integrators that conveys a rich set of capacities to mobile engineers.

 

49. What is profiling in Azure?

Profiling is only a procedure for measuring the performance analysis of an application. It is normally done to guarantee that the application is sufficiently steady and can maintain overwhelming traffic.

Visual Studio gives us different tools to do it by gathering the performance information from the application that likewise helps in troubleshooting issues.

Once the profiling wizard is run, it sets up the execution session and collects the data of the sample.

The profiling reports help in:

• Deciding the longest running strategies inside the application

• Measuring the execution time of every strategy in the call stack

• Assessing memory allocation

50. What is cmdlet in Azure?

A cmdlet is a lightweight command that is utilized as a part of the Microsoft PowerShell environment. The cmdlets are summoned by the Windows PowerShell to automate the scripts which are in the command line. Windows PowerShell runtime additionally invokes them automatically through Windows PowerShell APIs.

51. What is Windows Azure Scheduler?

Windows Azure Scheduler enables you to invoke activities, for example, calling HTTP/S endpoints or presenting a message on a storage queue on any schedule.

With Scheduler, you make jobs in the cloud that dependably call services both inside and outside of Windows Azure and execute those jobs on-demand, on a routinely repeating schedule, or assign them for a future date.

 

52. How can you create an HDInsight Cluster in Azure?

To make an Azure HDInsight Cluster, open the Azure portal > click on New > select Data Services > click on HDInsight.

Hadoop is the default and native execution of Apache Hadoop.

HBase is an Apache open-source NoSQL database based on Hadoop that gives random access and solid consistency for a lot of unstructured data.

Apache Storm is a distributed, fault-tolerant, open-source computation system that enables you to process data in real-time.

53. What is Text Analytics API in Azure Machine?

Content Analytics API is a part of content examination web administrations worked with Azure Machine Learning. The API can be utilized to analyze unstructured content for tasks such as sentiment analysis and key-phrase extraction.

The API restores a numeric score between 0 and 1. Scores near 1 show positive sentiment, while scores near 0 demonstrate negative sentiment.

The upside of this API is that another new model need not be planned and prepared; the user just needs to bring the data and call the service to get the sentiment results.

54. What is the Migration Assistant tool in Azure Websites?

Migration Assistant tool will examine our IIS installation and recognize the sites that can be migrated to the cloud, featuring any components which can’t be migrated or are unsupported on the platform.

Once broken down, this tool will likewise create sites and databases provided under the given Azure membership.

55. What is the distinction between Public Cloud and Private Cloud?

A public cloud is utilized as a service through the Internet by users, while a private cloud is deployed within specific limits like firewall settings and is totally overseen and checked by the users dealing with it in an organization.

56. What is Azure Service Level Agreement (SLA)?

The SLA ensures that, when you send two or more role instances for each role, access to your cloud service will be maintained not less than 99.95 percent of the time. Additionally, identification and re-correction activities will be started 99.9 percent of the time when a role instance’s procedure isn’t running.

57. How to add an administrator to the Azure portal?

To add an administrator to the Azure portal, it has to be given the owner role. It will be able to manage only those resources in the subscription that are assigned to it. To add an administrator, follow these steps:

1. Sign in to the Azure portal

2. Go to the Hub menu and then to Subscription and select the subscription that the administrator will need access to

3. Select Access control (IAM) in the subscription blade, and then click on Add

4. Go to Select a role, and click on Owner

5. Here, provide the email address of the user to be assigned as the owner

6. Click on the user, and then click on Select

58. How to connect to Azure Database from SQL Management Studio?

1. The first time you start the SQL Server Management Studio, the Connect to Server dialog box opens up automatically. You can also open it manually by going to Object Explorer > Connect > Database Engine.

2. Then, enter the following information in the Connect to Server window:

Server Type Database Engine

Server Name Enter the name of your Azure SQL Database or Azure Managed Instance

Authentication SQL Server Authentication

Login Enter the server account user ID

Password Enter the server account passwordYou can also choose to change the additional connection options by going to Options. 

3. Click on Connect after completing all the required fields

If the firewall settings are not set up, a prompt appears to configure the same. Once signed in, provide the Azure account login information, and set the firewall rule. Then, click on OK.

4. To verify if your Azure Database connection is successful, expand and explore Object Explorer for the server name, the SQL Server version, and the username.

59. How to create a virtual machine on Azure?

To create a VM on Azure, you need to follow the below steps:

1. Sign in to Azure

2. Sign in to the Azure portal 

3. Search for virtual machines in the search box

4. Under Services, select Virtual machines

5. Click on Add in the Virtual machines page

6. In the Basics tab, under Project details, select the correct subscription, and choose Create new resource group

7. Type myResourceGroup for the name

8. Under Instance details, the Virtual machine name should be myVM

9. Choose your Region [e.g., (US) East US]

10. Choose Windows Server 2019 Datacenter for the Image

11. Leave the rest as default

12. Under Administrator account, enter a username and a password

13. Under Inbound port rules, click on Allow selected ports, and then select HTTP (80) and RDP (3389) for Select inbound ports

14. The rest will remain as default here

15. Finally, click on the Review + create button

60. How to deploy SQL Database in Azure?

1. Authenticate to the Azure portal

2. Click on SQL Databases

3. Click on Servers

4. Click on a server name to connect to

5. Press Configure

6. Open SQL Server Management Studio

7. Connect to Database services (usually, this happens by default)

8. Finally, click on Connect

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61. How to export users from Azure Active Directory?

You can export users from Azure AD by following the below-mentioned steps:

1. Install the Azure PowerShell module using the following cmdlet:

install-module az

2. To connect to Azure AD and Azure, run:

Connect-azaccount

3. To export, all users to a CSV file, run:

Get-AzADUser | export-csv file.csv

4. If you only need to export the first 10 users, then you can use:

Get-AzADUser -First 10 |  export-csv file.csv

5. To export all users after the first 2 users, you can use:

Get-AzADUser -Skip 2 | ft

62. How to create a resource group in Azure?

To create a resource group in Azure: 

1. Log in to the Azure portal 

2. In the menu on the left, select Resource groups

3. In the Resource groups page, click on Add

4. Fill in the details in the fields as follows:

o Subscription: Select your Microsoft Azure subscription

o Resource group name: Enter a unique name

o Resource details region: Select a location

5. Click on Review + create

6. Once validation is passed, click on Create to create your resource group

That’s it in our blog on MS Azure interview questions and answers. Hope these Azure questions help you in your Azure Interview job preparation.

63. What are the differences between Azure Scale Sets and Availability Sets?

The major difference is that Azure scale sets have identical VM’s, and in the case of Availability sets, there is no hard and fast rule for the VM’s to be identical. Let us see other differences here –

 

64. What are the different storage services available in Azure apart from Blob storage?

Azure offers three other types of storage services, apart from Blob storage, table storage, queue Storage, and file storage.

 

• Azure table storage: It allows the deployment of applications with semi-structured data and a key-value store, which is NoSQL-based.

o Used when there is a requirement for applications with a flexible data schema

o Emphasis is on enterprise-level data and strongly follows consistent models

o Data is in terms of entities grouped under tables

• Azure queue storage: The message queue system is capable of handling large workloads through the development of flexible and durable applications.

o Ensures that the applications are scalable and less likely to have component failures

o The queue monitoring helps the application ensure that the requirements are met

• Azure file storage: It offers file sharing and access using server message block (SMB) protocol. The data is secured with SMB 3.0 and HTTPS.

o Improves the performance of on-premise applications

o Azure takes care of OS deployments and hardware management

65. What is the difference between Azure Table Storage and the Azure SQL service?

The major difference is that Azure SQL uses a relational storage structure and Azure Table follows centralized structured data without relations. Other differences are –

 

66. Create a Virtual Machine with Azure CLI.

Following is an example how one can create a VM using Azure CLI:

az vm create \

--resource-group myResourceGroupName \

--name myVM \

--image Win19Datacenter \

--public-ip-sku Standard \

--admin-username AzureuserNAME \

--admin-password AzurePASSWORD

Scenario-based Azure Interview Questions

67. How will you execute code with the help of Azure if there is no server?

Azure Functions can execute code without a server. These services simplify complex orchestration and challenges. They help connect with other services without hard coding of integrations, which speeds up the development process.

Developers can write and focus on the business logic code saving time and effort. Azure Application Insights can help analyze and monitor code performance as well as identify hiccups and failure points across various application components.

68. What will you do in case of a drive failure?

When a drive failure occurs, the following steps need to be performed:

• Ensure that the drive is not mounted so that Azure Storage is functioning without fail

• Replace the drive so that it is remounted and formatted

69. What could be the reason for the client application to be disconnected from the cache?

There could be two possible reasons:

• Client-end

•

o Redeployment of application

o Scaling operation by application

o Change in the client-side networking layer

o Transient errors in the client or network between the client and the server

o The crossing of bandwidth threshold limits

• Server-end

•

o Azure Redis Cache service had a failover from the primary node to the secondary node

o The server instance where the cache was deployed had patching or maintenance

70. How can you stop the high load issue on an application in cases of no man support on the flow?

Azure VM Scale Sets can be used to define proper configurations and conditions and provide a new VM whenever there is a high load.

The VM Scale Sets allows the developer to create and manage a group of load-balanced VMs. The scale sets can be configured in accordance with the demand of the application or a predefined schedule that automatically adjusts the number of VMs.

Using scale sets ensures that the applications are highly available and enable the management, updation, and configuration of large VMs centrally. It also supports large-scale application development with big workloads, big data, and compute loads. Azure Scale Sets supports up to 1,000 VMs and 600 VMs for custom VM images.

71. What would happen if tone reaches the maximum failed attempts for Azure ID authentication?

In this situation, the Azure account will get locked depending on the protocol analyzing the entered password and the IP address from where the login is requested.

72. If you have an application running on the on-premise server and Azure East US region has a backup, will you be able to access the application via the Azure environment in case of an on-premise server application access failure?

Yes. One can access the application by using the Site Recovery Service by Azure. It is capable of handling fail-over and fail-back scenarios between on-premise servers and Azure environments.

73. In case the front-end hosting of an application is done on Azure, if the user needs the database hosting to be done on an on-premise server due to security concerns, how will you handle the Azure connectivity?

There are a few possibilities to resolve this:

• Azure VNET based point-to-site service can be used to connect one on-premise DB to an Azure-hosted application. This is valid where there are limited resources to be connected via VPN.

• In case of more resources for connection, site to site or express routes are the solution. Site to site might cause network latency as the VPN works only via public infrastructure, which is the internet. In that case, express routes can be used as it has a dedicated leased line that solves latency issues.

• In case VNET is not preferred, Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) service can be developed and hosted on-premise. It will have CRUD operations intended solely for the database that is hosted on-premise. It uses the service bus relay that can build communication between the Azure-hosted app to the WCF service for database access.

74. You have an Azure subscription that contains an Azure Log Analytics workspace. You have a resource group that contains 100 virtual machines. The virtual machines run Linux. You need to collect events from the virtual machines to the log analytics workspace. Which type of data source should be configured in the workspace?

The answer is Syslog, which is an event logging protocol that is common to Linux. Applications will send messages that may be stored on the local machine or delivered to a Syslog collector. When the log analytics agent for Linux is installed, it configures the local Syslog daemon to forward messages to the agent. The agent then sends the message to Azure Monitor where a corresponding record is created.

75. You create a container image named Image1 on a developer workstation. You plan to create an Azure web app for containers named WebAppContainer that will use Image1. You need to upload Image1 to Azure. The solution must ensure that WebAppContainer can use Image1. To which storage type should you upload Image1?

Image1 should be uploaded to the Azure container registry. The registry credentials are configured in the web app. App service needs information about the registry and image to pull the private image. In the Azure portal, go to Container settings from the web app and update the Image source, Registry, and Save.

76. You have an Azure subscription that contains 100 virtual machines. You have a set of Pester tests in PowerShell that validate the virtual machine environment. You need to run the tests whenever there is an operating system update on the virtual machines. The solution must minimize implementation time and recurring costs. Which three resources should you use to implement the tests?

The three resources to use to implement the test are the Azure Automation runbook, an alert rule, and an alert action group. Azure Automation runbooks can be called by using action groups or by using classic alerts to automate tasks based on alerts. Alerts are one of the key features of Azure Monitor. They allow alerts on actions within an Azure subscription.

77. You have an Azure App Service app. You need to implement tracing for the app. The tracing information must include the following:

• Usage trends

• AJAX call responses

• Page load speed by browser server and browser exceptions

What should you do?

The Azure Application Insights site extension should be enabled in this scenario. For web pages, Application Insights JavaScript SDK automatically collects AJAX calls as dependencies.

78. You have an Azure virtual machine named VM1 and an Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) tenant named adatum.com. VM1 has the following settings:

IP address: 10.10.0.10

System-assigned managed identity: On

You need to create a script that will run from within VM1 to retrieve the authentication token of VM1. Which address should you use in the script?

The answer is 169.254.169.254. The code that is running on the VM can request a token from the Azure Instance Metadata Service identity endpoint, accessible only from within the VM:

http://169.254.169.254/metadata/identity/oauth2/token

79. You are designing an Azure solution. The solution must meet the following requirements:

• Distribute traffic to different pools of dedicated virtual machines (VMs) based on rules

• Provide SSL offloading capabilities

You need to recommend a solution to distribute network traffic. Which technology should you recommend?

If you require SSL offloading, application layer treatment, or wish to delegate certificate management to Azure, Azure’s Layer 7 load balancer application gateway should be used.

80. You have an Azure Cosmos DB account named Account1. Account1 includes a database named DB1 that contains a container named Container1. The partition key for Container1 is set to /city. You plan to change the partition key for Container1. What should you do first?

The Change Feed Processor and Bulk Executor Library, in Azure Cosmos DB, can be leveraged to achieve a live migration of data from one container to another. This allows the redistribution of data to match the desired new partition key scheme and make the relevant application changes afterward. Thus, achieving the effect of updating your partition key.

81. You have an Azure subscription that contains a resource group named RG1. RG1 contains multiple resources. You need to trigger an alert when the resources in RG1 consume US$1,000. What should you do?

Budgets should be created to manage costs and alerts should be set to automatically notify if stakeholders are overspending. To set it up, one should go to the Azure Portal, select Cost Management + Billing -> Cost Management -> Go to Cost Management.

82. You have an Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) cluster named Clus1 in a resource group named RG1. An administrator plans to manage Clus1 from an Azure AD-joined device. You need to ensure that the administrator can deploy the YAML application manifest file for a container application. You install the Azure CLI on the device. Which command should you run next?

kubectl apply –f appl.yaml

applies a configuration change to a resource from a file or stdin.

83. Your company has the groups shown in the following table.

Group Number of Members

Managers 10

Sales 100

Development 15

The company has an Azure subscription that contains an Azure AD tenant named contoso.com. An administrator named Admin1 attempts to enable Enterprise State Roaming for all the users in the Managers group. Admin1 reports that the options for enterprise state roaming are unavailable from Azure AD. You verify that Admin1 is assigned the global administrator role. You need to ensure that Admin1 can enable enterprise state roaming. What should you do?

Purchase an Azure AD Premium P1 license for each user in the Managers group. Enterprise state roaming is available to any organization with an Azure AD Premium or Enterprise Mobility + Security (EMS) license.

84. Your company has an office in Seattle. You have an Azure subscription that contains a virtual network named VNET1. You create a site-to-site VPN between the Seattle office and VNET1. VNET1 contains the subnets shown in the following table.

Name IP Address Space

Subnet1 10.1.1.0/24

GatewaySubnet 10.1.200.8/28

You need to route all internet-bound traffic from Subnet1 to the Seattle office. What should you create?

A route for Subnet1 that uses the virtual network gateway as the next hop should be created. A route with the 0.0.0.0/0 address prefix instructs Azure how to route traffic destined for an IP address that is not within the address prefix of any other route in a subnet’s route table. 

When a subnet is created, Azure creates a default route to the 0.0.0.0/0 address prefix, with the internet next hop type. We need to create a custom route in Azure to use a virtual network gateway in the Seattle office as the next hop.

85. You have an Azure web app named App1 that is configured to run between two and five instances. There are currently three instances of App1 running. App1 has the following autoscale rules: Increase the instance count by one when the CPU percentage is greater or equal to 80. Decrease the instance count by one when the CPU percentage is less than or equal to 60. You are evaluating the following CPU percentage of utilization for App1:

• 60 percent

• 55 percent

• 50 percent

• 45 percent

You need to identify which utilizations will cause App1 to scale in.

Azure Monitor autoscaling allows you to scale the number of running instances up or down, based on telemetry data or metrics. Scale-in occurs when the instances are decreased. For this rule, the instances are decreased when the CPU usage is 60 percent or lower. Hence, the answer is 45 percent, 50 percent, and 55 percent.

86. You have an on-premises network that contains a Hyper-V host named Host1. Host1 runs Windows Server 2016 and hosts 10 virtual machines that run Windows Server 2016. You plan to replicate the virtual machines to Azure by using Azure Site Recovery. You create a Recovery Services vault named ASR1 and a Hyper-V site named Site1. You need to add Host1 to ASR1. What should you do?

Download the installation file for the Azure Site Recovery Provider. Download the vault registration key.

Install the Azure Site Recovery Provider on Host1 and register the server.

87. You have an Azure subscription named Subscription1 that contains a virtual network named VNet1. VNet1 is in a resource group named RG1. Subscription1 has a user named User1. User1 has the following roles:

• Reader

• Security admin

• Security reader 

You need to ensure that User1 can assign the reader role for VNet1 to other users. What should you do? 

User1 should be assigned the owner role for VNet1.

88. A company hosts virtual machines (VMs) in an on-premises data center and in Azure. The on-premises and Azure-based VMs communicate using ExpressRoute. The company wants to be able to continue regular operations if the ExpressRoute connection fails. Failover connections must use the internet and must not require multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) support. You need to recommend a solution that provides continued operations. What should you recommend?

In this case, a VPN connection should be set up.

89. You have a resource group named RG1. RG1 contains an Azure Storage account named storageaccount1 and a virtual machine named VM1 that runs Windows Server 2016. storageaccount1 contains the disk files for VM1. You apply a ReadOnly lock to RG1. What can you do from the Azure portal?

View the keys of storageaccount1. ReadOnly allows authorized users to read a resource, but they cannot delete or update the resource. Applying this lock is similar to restricting all authorized users to the permissions granted by the reader role.

Why do we need Azure Data Factory?

Azure Data factory doesn’t store any data itself; it lets you produce workflows that orchestrate the movement of data between supported data stores and data processing. You can monitor and manage your workflows using both programmatic and UI mechanisms. Apart from that, it is the best tool available today for ETL processes with an easy-to-use interface. This shows the need for Azure Data Factory.

2) What is Azure Data Factory?

 

Azure Data Factory is a cloud-based integration service offered by Microsoft that lets you create data-driven workflows for orchestrating and automating data movement and data transformation overcloud. Data Factory services also offer to create and running data pipelines that move and transform data and then run the pipeline on a specified schedule.

3) What is Integration Runtime?

 

Integration runtime is nothing but a compute structure used by Azure Data Factory to give integration capabilities across different network environments.

Types of Integration Runtimes:

• Azure Integration Runtime – It can copy data between cloud data stores and dispatch the activity to a variety of computing services such as SQL Server, Azure HDInsight

• Self Hosted Integration Runtime – It’s software with basically the same code as Azure Integration runtime, but it’s installed on on- premises systems or virtual machines over virtual networks.

• Azure SSIS Integration Runtime – It helps to execute SSIS packages in a managed environment. So when we lift and shift the SSIS packages to the data factory, we use Azure SSIS Integration Runtime.

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4) How much is the limit on the number of integration runtimes?

There’s no specific limit on the number of integration runtime instances. But there’s a limit on the number of VM cores used by Integration runtime grounded on per subscription for SSIS package execution.

5) What are the different components used in Azure Data Factory?

Azure Data Factory consists of several numbers of components. Some components are as follows:

• Pipeline: The pipeline is the logical container of the activities.

• Activity: It specifies the execution step in the Data Factory pipeline, which is substantially used for data ingestion and metamorphosis.

• Dataset: A dataset specifies the pointer to the data used in the pipeline conditioning.

• Mapping Data Flow: It specifies the data transformation UI logic.

• Linked Service: It specifies the descriptive connection string for the data sources used in the channel conditioning.

• Trigger: It specifies the time when the pipeline will be executed.

• Control flow: It’s used to control the execution flow of the pipeline activities.

6) What is the key difference between the Dataset and Linked Service in Azure Data Factory?

Dataset specifies a source to the data store described by the linked service. When we put data to the dataset from a SQL Server instance, the dataset indicates the table’s name that contains the target data or the query that returns data from dissimilar tables.

Linked service specifies a definition of the connection string used to connect to the data stores. For illustration, when we put data in a linked service from a SQL Server instance, the linked service contains the name for the SQL Server instance and the credentials used to connect to that case.

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7) How many types of triggers are supported by Azure Data Factory?

Following are the three types of triggers that Azure Data Factory supports:

1. Tumbling Window Trigger: The Tumbling Window Detector executes the Azure Data Factory pipelines over cyclic intervals. It’s also used to maintain the state of the pipeline.

2. Event-based Trigger: The Event– based Trigger creates a response to any event related to blob storage. These can be created when you add or cancel blob storage.

3. Schedule Trigger: The Schedule Trigger executes the Azure Data Factory pipelines that follow the wall clock timetable.

8) What are the different rich cross-platform SDKs for advanced users in Azure Data Factory?

The Azure Data Factory V2 provides a rich set of SDKs that we can use to write, manage, and watch pipelines by applying our favourite IDE. Some popular cross-platform SDKs for advanced users in Azure Data Factory are as follows:

• Python SDK

• C# SDK

• PowerShell CLI

• Users can also use the documented REST APIs to interface with Azure Data Factory V2

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9) What is the difference between Azure Data Lake and Azure Data Warehouse?

 

Azure Data Lake Data Warehouse

Data Lake is a capable way of storing any type, size, and shape of data. Data Warehouse acts as a repository for already filtered data from a specific resource.

It is mainly used by Data Scientists. It is more frequently used by Business Professionals.

It is highly accessible with quicker updates. It becomes a pretty rigid and costly task to make changes in Data Warehouse.

It defines the schema after when the data is stored successfully. Datawarehouse defines the schema before storing the data.

It uses ELT (Extract, Load and Transform) process. It uses ETL (Extract, Transform and Load) process.

It is an ideal platform for doing in-depth analysis. It is the best platform for operational users. 

Check out: Azure Data Lake

Modern Data Warehouse

Intermediate ADF Interview Questions

10) What is Blob Storage in Azure?

 

It helps to store a large amount of unstructured data similar as text, images or double data. It can be used to expose data intimately to the world. Blob storage is most commonly used for streaming audios or videos, storing data for backup, and disaster recovery, storing data for analysis etc. You can also create Data Lakes using blob storage to perform analytics.

11) Difference between Data Lake Storage and Blob Storage.

 

Data Lake Storage Blob Storage

It is an optimized storage solution for big data analytics workloads. Blob Storage is general-purpose storage for a wide variety of scenarios. It can also do Big Data Analytics.

It follows a hierarchical file system. It follows an object store with a flat namespace.

In Data Lake Storage, data is stored as files inside folders. Blob storage lets you create a storage account. Storage account has containers that store the data.

It can be used to store Batch, interactive, stream analytics,  and machine learning data. We can use it to store text files, binary data, media storage for streaming and general purpose data.

Check out: Azure Blob Storage

12) What are the steps to create an ETL process in Azure Data Factory?

 

• There are straightforward steps to create an ETL process.

• We need to create a service for a linked data store which is an SQL Server Database.

• Let’s assume that we have a car dataset.

• For this car’s dataset, we can create a linked service for the destination data store that is Azure Data Lake.

• Now create a data set for Data Saving.

• Create a Pipeline and Copy Activity.

• Finally, schedule a pipeline by adding a trigger.

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13) What is the difference between Azure HDInsight and Azure Data Lake Analytics?

 

Azure HDInsight Azure Data Lake Analytics

It is a Platform as a Service. It is a Software as a Service.

Processing data in it requires configuring the cluster with predefined nodes. Further, by using languages like pig or hive, we can process the data. It is all about passing the queries written for data processing. Data Lake Analytics further creates compute nodes to process the data set.

Users can easily configure HDInsight Clusters at their convenience. Users can also use Spark, Kafka, without restrictions. It does not give that much flexibility in terms of configuration and customization. But, Azure manages it automatically for its users.

14) What are the top-level concepts of Azure Data Factory?

There are four basic top-level concepts of Azure Data Factory:

• Pipeline – It acts as a carrier where lots of processes take place.

• Activities –  It represents the steps of processes in the pipeline.

• Data Sets – It is a data structure that holds our data.

• Linked Services– These services store information that’s essential while connecting the resources or other services. Let‘s say we’ve an SQL server, so we need a connecting string connected to an external device, and we will mention the source and the destination for it.

15) What are the key differences between the Mapping data flow and Wrangling data flow transformation activities in Azure Data Factory?

In Azure Data Factory, the main dissimilarity between the Mapping data flow and the Wrangling data flow transformation activities is as follows

The Mapping data flow activity is a visually allowed data transformation activity that facilitates users to plan graphical data transformation logic. It does not need the users to be expert developers. It’s executed as an activity within the ADF pipeline on an ADF completely managed scaled-out Spark cluster.

On the other hand, the Wrangling data flow activity is a code–free data preparation activity. It’s integrated with Power Query Online to make the Power Query M functions available for data wrangling using spark execution.

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16) Is the knowledge of coding required for Azure Data Factory?

No, it isn’t necessary to have good wisdom in coding for Azure Data Factory. Azure Data Factory provides 90 built-in connectors to transform the data using mapping data flow activities without the wisdom of programming skills or spark cluster knowledge. It likewise facilitates us to produce workflows veritably and quickly.

17) What changes can we see regarding data flows from private preview to limited public preview?

Following is a list of some important changes we can see regarding data flows from private preview to limited public preview:

• We do not need to bring our own Azure Databricks Clusters.

• We can still use the Data Lake Storage Gen 2 and Blob Storage to store those files.

• Azure Data Factory will address the cluster creation and tear–down process.

• Blob data sets and Azure Data Lake Storage Gen 2 are separated into delimited text and Apache Parquet datasets.

• We can use the appropriate linked services for those storage engines

Advanced ADF Interview Questions 

20) How can we schedule a pipeline? 

The trigger follows a world clock calendar schedule that can schedule pipelines periodically or in calendar-based recurrent patterns. We can schedule a pipeline in two ways:

• Schedule Trigger

• Window Trigger

21) Can we pass parameters to a pipeline run?

 

Yes definitely, we can very easily pass parameters to a pipeline run. Pipeline runs are the first-class, top-level concepts in Azure Data Factory. We can define parameters at the pipeline level, and then we can pass the arguments to run a pipeline.

22) Can I define default values for the pipeline parameters?

You can define default values for the parameters in the pipelines.

23) Can an activity in a pipeline consume arguments that are passed to a pipeline run?

Each activity within the pipeline can consume the parameter value that’s passed to the pipeline and run with the @parameter construct.

24) Can an activity output property be consumed in another activity?

An activity output can be consumed in a subsequent activity with the @activity construct.

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25) How do I gracefully handle null values in an activity output?

You can use the @coalesce construct in the expressions to handle the null values gracefully.

26) Which Data Factory version do I use to create data flows?

Use the Data Factory V2 version to create data flows.

27) What has changed from private preview to limited public preview in regard to data flows?

• You’ll no longer have to bring your own Azure Databricks clusters.

• Data Factory will manage cluster creation and tear– down.

• Blob datasets and Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 datasets are separated into delimited text and Apache Parquet datasets.

• You can still use Data Lake Storage Gen2 and Blob storage to store those files. Use the appropriate linked service for those storage engines.

28) How do I access the data using the other 80 Dataset types in Data Factory?

The mapping data flow feature currently allows Azure SQL database, Data Warehouse, Delimited text-files from Azure Blob Storage or Azure Data Lake storage to generation tools natively for source and sink. You can use copy activity to states data from any of the other connectors, and then you can execute the data flow activity to transform data.

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29) Explain the two levels of security in ADLS Gen2?

 

• Role-Based Access Control – It includes built-in azure rules such as reader, contributor, owner or customer roles. It is specified for two reasons. The first is, who can manage the service itself, and the second is, to permit the reasons is to permit the users built-in data explorer tools.

• Access Control List – Azure Data Lake Storage specifies precisely which data object users may read or write or execute.

30) What has changed from private preview to limited public preview regarding data flows?

There are a couple of things which have been changed mentioned below:

• You are no longer required to bring your own Azure Databricks Clusters.

• Data Factory will manage cluster creation and tear down process.

• We can still use Data Lake Storage Gen 2 and Blob Storage to store those files. You can use the appropriate linked services. You can also use the appropriate linked services for those of the storage engines.

• Blob data sets and Azure Data Lake storage gen 2 are separated into delimited text and Apache Parquet datasets.

31) What is the difference between the Dataset and Linked Service in Data Factory?

 

• Dataset: is a reference to the datastore that is described by Linked Service.

• Linked Service: is nothing but a description of the connection string that is used to connect to the data stores.

32) What is the difference between the mapping data flow and wrangling data flow transformation?

 

• Mapping Data Flow: It is a visually designed data transformation activity that lets users design a graphical data transformation logic without needing an expert developer.

• Wrangling Data Flow: This is a code-free data preparation activity that integrates with Power Query Online.

33) Data Factory supports two types of compute environments to execute the transform activities. Mention them briefly.

Let’s go through the types:

• On-demand compute environment – It is a fully managed environment offered by ADF. In this compute type, a cluster is created to execute the transform activity and removed automatically when the activity is completed.

• Bring your own environment – In this environment, you yourself manage the compute environment with the help of ADF.

34) What is Azure SSIS Integration Runtime?

 

Azure SSIS Integration is a fully managed cluster of virtual machines that are hosted in Azure and dedicated to run SSIS packages in the data factory. We can easily scale up the SSIS nodes by configuring the node size or scaled out by configuring the number of nodes on the Virtual Machine’s cluster.

35) What is required to execute an SSIS package in Data Factory?

We need to create an SSIS Integration Runtime, and an SSIS Database catalogue hosted in the Azure SQL database or Azure SQL managed instance.

36) An Azure Data Factory Pipeline can be executed using three methods. Mention these methods.

Methods to execute Azure Data Factory Pipeline:

• Debug Mode

• Manual execution using trigger now

• Adding schedule, tumbling window/event trigger

37) If we need to copy data from an on-premises SQL Server instance using a data factory, which integration runtime should be used?

Self-hosted integration runtime should be installed on the on-premises machine where the SQL Server Instance is hosted.

38) What is Azure Table Storage?

 Azure Table Storage is a service that helps users to store structure data in the cloud and also provides a Keystore with schemas designed. It is swift and effective for modern-day applications.

39) Can we monitor and manage Azure Data Factory Pipelines?

 

Yes, we can monitor and manage ADF Pipelines using the following steps:

• Click on the monitor and manage on the data factory tab.

• Click on the resource manager.

• Here, you will find- pipelines, datasets, and linked services in a tree format.

40) What are the steps involved in the ETL process?

ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) process follows four main steps:

• Connect and Collect – helps in moving the data on-premises and cloud source data stores

• Transform – lets users collect the data by using compute services such as HDInsight Hadoop, Spark etc.

• Publish – Helps in loading the data into Azure data warehouse, Azure SQL database, and Azure Cosmos DB etc

• Monitor – It helps support the pipeline monitoring via Azure Monitor, API and PowerShell, Log Analytics, and health panels on the Azure Portal.

FAQs

Q. Is coding required for Azure Data Factory?

Ans: No, coding is not required. Azure Data Factory lets you create workflows very quickly. It offers 90+ built-in connectors available in Azure Data Factory to transform the data using mapping data flow activities without programming skills or spark cluster knowledge.

Q. Is Azure Data Factory an ETL tool?

Ans: Yes, ADF is the best tool available in the market for ETL processes. Without writing any complex algorithms, it simplifies the entire data migration process.

Q. Is Azure Data Factory Certification worth doing?

Ans: Absolutely, there is a massive demand for Azure Data Engineers proficient in Data Factory. Since lots of companies are adopting Microsoft Azure as a cloud computing platform, so companies need skilful professionals to handle their operations.

Q. Can we replace Synapse pipelines with other ETL like talend or SSIS?

Ans: We can use both azure data factory or synapse with Synapse Pipelines, Data Integration & Orchestration to integrate our data and operationalize all our code development.

Q. ETL should always happen with Azure Data factory or Synapse Pipelines, or can we use any other ETL tool in the market?

Ans: Along with Azure Data Factory and Synapse Pipelines, you can also use data bricks. Data Integration & Orchestration to integrate your data and operationalize all of your code development with Synapse Pipelines.

Q. If Azure data factory and synapse pipelines have the same functionality then which one to choose and why to choose?

Ans: If your requirement is only data movement and transformation then use Azure data factory and For Analytics capabilities go with synapse because Azure synapse analytics is an umbrella service which provides analytical workspace along with other services.

Q. What is Data Flow Debug?

Ans: When Debug mode is on, you’ll interactively build your data flow with an active Spark cluster. The session will close once you turn to debug off in Azure Data Factory. You should be aware of the hourly charges Azure Databricks incurred when you have the debug session turned on.

Q. Can we use adf for running 24-by-7 jobs?

Ans: Yes we can run the azure data factory 24×7 for loading data If you have that much data.

Q. Azure Data Bricks we can write transformation logic right then why we require ADF?

Ans: Mapping data flows are visually designed data transformations in Azure Data Factory. Data flows allow data engineers to develop data transformation logic without

writing code. The resulting data flows are applied as activities within Azure Data Factory pipelines that apply scaled– out Apache Spark clusters. Data flow activities can be operationalized using existing Azure Data Factory scheduling, control, flow, and monitoring capabilities.

Q. Linked Service – special connectors for ADF to source data?

Ans: Yes, you must create a linked service to link your data store to the Data Factory or Synapse Workspace.