Cent-OS Practical Command
CentOS tutorial:
Polylms - Server Name
Ls : to check what is in directory
[root@Polylms ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg '[gurukul_backup.sql]' Pictures
Desktop gurukul.polycab.com.csr Public
Documents gurukul.polycab.com.key Templates
Downloads Music Videos
Mkdir name : To create folder
[root@Polylms ~]# mkdir demo
[root@Polylms ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Downloads Music Videos
demo '[gurukul_backup.sql]' Pictures
Desktop gurukul.polycab.com.csr Public
Documents gurukul.polycab.com.key Templates
[root@Polylms ~]# cd demo
[root@Polylms demo]# mkdir sample
[root@Polylms demo]# ls
Sample
Cat >test1.txt : To create file and write on this file , to end or finish use ctrl + z
[root@Polylms demo]# cat >test1.txt
This is test folder and is requiresd to create new file in make directory.
Thanks prashant^Z
[1]+ Stopped cat > test1.txt
[root@Polylms demo]# cat test1.txt
This is test folder and is requiresd to create new file in make directory.
Touch : this required to create empty file but cant add on this
[root@Polylms demo]# touch 1.txt
[root@Polylms demo]# ls
1.txt sample test1.txt
Cp file name ./directoryname : To copy file from one place to another
[root@Polylms demo]# cp 1.txt ./sample
[root@Polylms demo]# ls
1.txt sample test1.txt
[root@Polylms demo]# cd sample
[root@Polylms sample]# ls
1.txt
[root@Polylms sample]# cd ..
[root@Polylms demo]# touch 2.txt
[root@Polylms demo]# ls
1.txt 2.txt sample test1.txt
Mv filename ./directory name : To move file from one place to another
[root@Polylms demo]# mv 2.txt ./sample
[root@Polylms demo]# ls
1.txt sample test1.txt
[root@Polylms demo]# cd sample
[root@Polylms sample]# ls
1.txt 2.txt
Rm filename : To remove or delete filename
[root@Polylms sample]# ls
1.txt 2.txt
[root@Polylms sample]# rm 2.txt
rm: remove regular empty file '2.txt'? y
[root@Polylms sample]# ls
1.txt
Yum : install new package
[root@Polylms sample]# sudo yum install git
Unable to detect release version (use '--releasever' to specify release version)
Warning: failed loading '/etc/yum.repos.d/old.repo', skipping.
Last metadata expiration check: 1:58:56 ago on Thu 22 Apr 2021 06:56:21 PM IST.
Modular dependency problems:
Problem 1: conflicting requests
- nothing provides module(perl:5.30) needed by module perl-FCGI:0.78:8030020200618214557:2fbcbb20-0.x86_64
Problem 2: conflicting requests
- nothing provides module(perl:5.30) needed by module perl-YAML:1.24:8030020200723225335:a6d43775-0.x86_64
Problem 3: module perl-App-cpanminus:1.7044:8030020200723233049:09acf126-0.x86_64 requires module(perl-YAML), but none of the providers can be installed
- conflicting requests
- nothing provides module(perl:5.30) needed by module perl-YAML:1.24:8030020200723225335:a6d43775-0.x86_64
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
git x86_64 2.27.0-1.el8 InstallMedia-AppStream 164 k
Installing dependencies:
emacs-filesystem noarch 1:26.1-5.el8 InstallMedia-BaseOS 69 k
git-core x86_64 2.27.0-1.el8 InstallMedia-AppStream 5.7 M
git-core-doc noarch 2.27.0-1.el8 InstallMedia-AppStream 2.5 M
perl-Error noarch 1:0.17025-2.el8 InstallMedia-AppStream 46 k
perl-Git noarch 2.27.0-1.el8 InstallMedia-AppStream 77 k
perl-TermReadKey x86_64 2.37-7.el8 InstallMedia-AppStream 40 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 7 Packages
Total size: 8.6 M
Installed size: 45 M
Is this ok [y/N]:
[root@Polylms ~]# sudo su
[root@Polylms ~]# man
What manual page do you want?
[root@Polylms ~]# man cp
[root@Polylms ~]#
alias cp='cp -i'
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto'
alias ll='ls -l --color=auto'
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias rm='rm -i'
alias which='(alias; declare -f) | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --read-functions --show-tilde --show-dot'
alias xzegrep='xzegrep --color=auto'
alias xzfgrep='xzfgrep --color=auto'
alias xzgrep='xzgrep --color=auto'
alias zegrep='zegrep --color=auto'
alias zfgrep='zfgrep --color=auto'
alias zgrep='zgrep --color=auto'
echo
Set variable
Arthematic Operation
[root@Polylms ~]# expr --version
expr (GNU coreutils) 8.30
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Written by Mike Parker, James Youngman, and Paul Eggert.
[root@Polylms ~]# expr 1 + 2
3
[root@Polylms ~]# expr 2 - 1
1
[root@Polylms ~]# expr 4/2
4/2
[root@Polylms ~]# expr 4/*2
4/*2
[root@Polylms ~]# expr 4*2
4*2
[root@Polylms ~]# expr 4 * 2
expr: syntax error: unexpected argument ‘anaconda-ks.cfg’
[root@Polylms ~]# 4 \/ 2
bash: 4: command not found...
[root@Polylms ~]# expr 4 \/ 2
2
[root@Polylms ~]# expr 11 < 10
bash: 10: No such file or directory
[root@Polylms ~]# expr 11 \< 10
0
[root@Polylms ~]#
- I smaill I inser mode
- Press ESC
- Shift + :wq and enter
User Permission :
User / group /Other Users
Eg -rw-r—r—
Last login: Thu Apr 22 23:21:32 2021
[root@Polylms ~]# ls
1.shM-D Desktop '[gurukul_backup.sql]' Music Templates
anaconda-ks.cfg Documents gurukul.polycab.com.csr Pictures Videos
demo Downloads gurukul.polycab.com.key Public
[root@Polylms ~]# pwd
/root
[root@Polylms ~]# sudo
usage: sudo -h | -K | -k | -V
usage: sudo -v [-AknS] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-u user]
usage: sudo -l [-AknS] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-U user] [-u user]
[command]
usage: sudo [-AbEHknPS] [-r role] [-t type] [-C num] [-g group] [-h host] [-p
prompt] [-T timeout] [-u user] [VAR=value] [-i|-s] [<command>]
usage: sudo -e [-AknS] [-r role] [-t type] [-C num] [-g group] [-h host] [-p
prompt] [-T timeout] [-u user] file ...
[root@Polylms ~]# sudo useradd prashants
[root@Polylms ~]# ls
1.shM-D Desktop '[gurukul_backup.sql]' Music Templates
anaconda-ks.cfg Documents gurukul.polycab.com.csr Pictures Videos
demo Downloads gurukul.polycab.com.key Public
[root@Polylms ~]# cd /home
[root@Polylms home]# ls
administrator prashant prashants
[root@Polylms home]# cd prashant
[root@Polylms prashant]# cat /etc/shadow
root:$6$WHVrIB6onyZ8y7I7$n57zm.9IxZWr.h8f6Mb4rJ3QyCJ3RTG3/5GC5P2SGJkx766sWY7YLJyiYVK5lomWzT34qOYhkhpAfZTxlc7dx.::0:99999:7:::
bin:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
daemon:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
adm:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
lp:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
sync:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
shutdown:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
halt:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
mail:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
operator:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
games:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
ftp:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
nobody:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
dbus:!!:18491::::::
systemd-coredump:!!:18491::::::
systemd-resolve:!!:18491::::::
tss:!!:18491::::::
polkitd:!!:18491::::::
geoclue:!!:18491::::::
rtkit:!!:18491::::::
pulse:!!:18491::::::
libstoragemgmt:!!:18491::::::
qemu:!!:18491::::::
usbmuxd:!!:18491::::::
unbound:!!:18491::::::
rpc:!!:18491:0:99999:7:::
gluster:!!:18491::::::
chrony:!!:18491::::::
setroubleshoot:!!:18491::::::
pipewire:!!:18491::::::
saslauth:!!:18491::::::
dnsmasq:!!:18491::::::
radvd:!!:18491::::::
clevis:!!:18491::::::
cockpit-ws:!!:18491::::::
cockpit-wsinstance:!!:18491::::::
sssd:!!:18491::::::
flatpak:!!:18491::::::
colord:!!:18491::::::
gdm:!!:18491::::::
rpcuser:!!:18491::::::
gnome-initial-setup:!!:18491::::::
sshd:!!:18491::::::
avahi:!!:18491::::::
rngd:!!:18491::::::
tcpdump:!!:18491::::::
administrator:$6$QJhM1yRiL6J1G.ur$ViO7pIHTBuSy3dLe6Ie2Tl/UVfhI/iWAbQDQrROJdlhyUzFgNz6c8qNuzwUXv5xd2xcL3/.AosWdncY4NwR330::0:99999:7:::
apache:!!:18493::::::
nginx:!!:18493::::::
mysql:!!:18493::::::
prashant:$6$S8gERBRmG3nI3kMj$KbPaT.lBhwouvVUFp/L7INKcwfwpDUnpRHh/UhgK8K1JLEoC2nzfZ5joI75ReAQcPeINtA30tmMMs7PKnqSKr1:18739:0:99999:7:::
prashants:!!:18740:0:99999:7:::
[root@Polylms prashant]#
[root@Polylms prashant]#
[root@Polylms prashant]#
[root@Polylms prashant]#
[root@Polylms prashant]# cd ..
[root@Polylms home]# cd prashants
[root@Polylms prashants]# cat /etc/shadow
root:$6$WHVrIB6onyZ8y7I7$n57zm.9IxZWr.h8f6Mb4rJ3QyCJ3RTG3/5GC5P2SGJkx766sWY7YLJyiYVK5lomWzT34qOYhkhpAfZTxlc7dx.::0:99999:7:::
bin:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
daemon:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
adm:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
lp:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
sync:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
shutdown:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
halt:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
mail:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
operator:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
games:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
ftp:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
nobody:*:18358:0:99999:7:::
dbus:!!:18491::::::
systemd-coredump:!!:18491::::::
systemd-resolve:!!:18491::::::
tss:!!:18491::::::
polkitd:!!:18491::::::
geoclue:!!:18491::::::
rtkit:!!:18491::::::
pulse:!!:18491::::::
libstoragemgmt:!!:18491::::::
qemu:!!:18491::::::
usbmuxd:!!:18491::::::
unbound:!!:18491::::::
rpc:!!:18491:0:99999:7:::
gluster:!!:18491::::::
chrony:!!:18491::::::
setroubleshoot:!!:18491::::::
pipewire:!!:18491::::::
saslauth:!!:18491::::::
dnsmasq:!!:18491::::::
radvd:!!:18491::::::
clevis:!!:18491::::::
cockpit-ws:!!:18491::::::
cockpit-wsinstance:!!:18491::::::
sssd:!!:18491::::::
flatpak:!!:18491::::::
colord:!!:18491::::::
gdm:!!:18491::::::
rpcuser:!!:18491::::::
gnome-initial-setup:!!:18491::::::
sshd:!!:18491::::::
avahi:!!:18491::::::
rngd:!!:18491::::::
tcpdump:!!:18491::::::
administrator:$6$QJhM1yRiL6J1G.ur$ViO7pIHTBuSy3dLe6Ie2Tl/UVfhI/iWAbQDQrROJdlhyUzFgNz6c8qNuzwUXv5xd2xcL3/.AosWdncY4NwR330::0:99999:7:::
apache:!!:18493::::::
nginx:!!:18493::::::
mysql:!!:18493::::::
prashant:$6$S8gERBRmG3nI3kMj$KbPaT.lBhwouvVUFp/L7INKcwfwpDUnpRHh/UhgK8K1JLEoC2nzfZ5joI75ReAQcPeINtA30tmMMs7PKnqSKr1:18739:0:99999:7:::
prashants:!!:18740:0:99999:7:::
[root@Polylms prashants]# cd ..
[root@Polylms home]# cate /etc/shadow
bash: cate: command not found...
Similar command is: 'cat'
[root@Polylms home]# sudo su
[root@Polylms home]# sudo -s
File Structure
Chmod and chown
Chmod permission of file or directory
In Above 755 means (7 -all permission given to users, 5 means read and execute permission given to group, again 5 means read and execute permission given to others users)
[root@Polylms home]# sudo su
[root@Polylms home]# sudo -s
[root@Polylms home]# ^C
[root@Polylms home]# clear
[root@Polylms home]# touch file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# ls
administrator file1.txt prashant prashants
[root@Polylms home]# ls -l file1.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 23 12:57 file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# chmod u+x file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# ls -l file1.txt
-rwxr--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 23 12:57 file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# chmod gg+x file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# ls -l file1.txt
-rwxr-xr--. 1 root root 0 Apr 23 12:57 file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# chmod g-w file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# ls -l file1.txt
-rwxr-xr--. 1 root root 0 Apr 23 12:57 file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# chmod o-r file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# ls -l file1.txt
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 0 Apr 23 12:57 file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# chmod o+w file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# ls -l file1.txt
-rwxr-x-w-. 1 root root 0 Apr 23 12:57 file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# chmod 777 file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# ls -l file1.txt
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 Apr 23 12:57 file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# chmod 756 file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# ls -l file1.txt
-rwxr-xrw-. 1 root root 0 Apr 23 12:57 file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# chmod 556 file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# ls -l file1.txt
-r-xr-xrw-. 1 root root 0 Apr 23 12:57 file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# nono file1.txt
bash: nono: command not found...
Failed to search for file: Failed to load /etc/yum.repos.d/old.repo: Error reading file “/etc/yum.repos.d/old.repo”: Is a directory
[root@Polylms home]# nano file1.txt It reads the file
Add Users in group
[root@Polylms home]# sudo grep dev /etc/group
[root@Polylms home]# sudo grep operation /etc/group
operation:x:1004:
[root@Polylms home]# sudo gpasswd -a prashant operation
Adding user prashant to group operation
[root@Polylms home]# sudo grep operation /etc/group
operation:x:1004:prashant
syntax chown user:groupname filename (Add Group permission on file) operation is my groupname
[root@Polylms home]# chown :operation file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# ls -l file1.txt
-r-xr-xrw-. 1 root operation 0 Apr 23 12:57 file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]#
Another command
[root@Polylms home]# sudo chgrp HR file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# ls -l file1.txt
-r-xr-xrw-. 1 root HR 0 Apr 23 12:57 file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# sudo chgrp operation file1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# ls -l file1.txt
-r-xr-xrw-. 1 root operation 0 Apr 23 12:57 file1.txt
Displaying content of File :
[root@Polylms home]# touch file2.txt
[root@Polylms home]# cat >file2.txt
This is the test file
i love you prashant
this is only example
wq
^[^Z
[1]+ Stopped cat > file2.txt
[root@Polylms home]# cat file2.txt
This is the test file
i love you prashant
this is only example
wq
[root@Polylms home]# head file2.txt
This is the test file
i love you prashant
this is only example
wq
[root@Polylms home]# tail file2.txt
This is the test file
i love you prashant
this is only example
wq
[root@Polylms home]# nano file2.txt
[root@Polylms home]# cat file2.txt
This is the test file
i love you prashant
this is only example
wq
[root@Polylms home]# nano file2.txt
[root@Polylms home]# nano file2.txt
[root@Polylms home]# nano file2.txt
[root@Polylms home]# cat file2.txt
This is the test file
i love you prashant
this is only example
wq
ashdgsadjhksadjklsajckll
sdbkjdnsazkjncskjjncsxkn
dshbhjxcbhjcsbxjsbchjcb
scbjxzckjxcznkjxnczcxklkjinsckmsalk
scbkxzCNkznxCnzcxKnzxnzX
wdqywquheiuwqeuqw
sajkhkjsadkdsajskadjklsad
ascnjasnkjaASKLASKL
ASDHJSADHJSAHKJSA
[root@Polylms home]# head file2.txt
This is the test file
i love you prashant
this is only example
wq
ashdgsadjhksadjklsajckll
sdbkjdnsazkjncskjjncsxkn
dshbhjxcbhjcsbxjsbchjcb
scbjxzckjxcznkjxnczcxklkjinsckmsalk
scbkxzCNkznxCnzcxKnzxnzX
wdqywquheiuwqeuqw
[root@Polylms home]# tail file2.txt
sdbkjdnsazkjncskjjncsxkn
dshbhjxcbhjcsbxjsbchjcb
scbjxzckjxcznkjxnczcxklkjinsckmsalk
scbkxzCNkznxCnzcxKnzxnzX
wdqywquheiuwqeuqw
sajkhkjsadkdsajskadjklsad
ascnjasnkjaASKLASKL
ASDHJSADHJSAHKJSA
[root@Polylms home]# grep asd file2.txt
[root@Polylms home]# grep ash file2.txt
i love you prashant
ashdgsadjhksadjklsajckll
[root@Polylms home]# grep kxz file2.txt
scbkxzCNkznxCnzcxKnzxnzX
[root@Polylms home]#
[root@Polylms home]# tail -n 5 file2.txt
sajkhkjsadkdsajskadjklsad
ascnjasnkjaASKLASKL
ASDHJSADHJSAHKJSA
[root@Polylms home]# tail -n 3 file2.txt
ascnjasnkjaASKLASKL
ASDHJSADHJSAHKJSA
[root@Polylms home]# head -n 2 file2.txt
This is the test file
i love you prashant
[root@Polylms home]# head -n 4 file2.txt
This is the test file
i love you prashant
this is only example
wq
[root@Polylms home]#
Copying a file
[root@Polylms home]# touch dem1.txt dem2.txt dem3.txt
[root@Polylms home]# nano dem1.txt
[root@Polylms home]# cat dem1.txt
This is prashant
[root@Polylms home]# nano dem2.txt
[root@Polylms home]# cate dem2.txt
bash: cate: command not found...
Similar command is: 'cat'
[root@Polylms home]# cate dem2.txt
bash: cate: command not found...
Similar command is: 'cat'
[root@Polylms home]# cat dem2.txt
this is lucky.
[root@Polylms home]# nano dem3.txt
[root@Polylms home]# cat dem3.txt
I am at Polycab India limited
109816
[root@Polylms home]# ls
administrator dem2.txt file1.txtwq file.txt prashants
dem1.txt dem3.txt file2.txt prashant YES
[root@Polylms home]# cp dem1.txt dem3.txt
cp: overwrite 'dem3.txt'? yes
[root@Polylms home]# cat dem3.txt
This is prashant
[root@Polylms home]# cp dem3.txt Desktop
[root@Polylms home]# ls
administrator dem2.txt Desktop file2.txt prashant YES
dem1.txt dem3.txt file1.txtwq file.txt prashants
[root@Polylms home]# cd Desktop
bash: cd: Desktop: Not a directory
[root@Polylms home]# cd ..
[root@Polylms /]# cd Desktop
bash: cd: Desktop: No such file or directory
[root@Polylms /]# ls
all__db.sql dev home lost+found proc srv var
all_db.sql etc lib media root sys
bin gurukul.sql lib64 mnt run tmp
boot gurukulsqlback.sql lms_name.sql opt sbin usr
[root@Polylms /]# cd ..
[root@Polylms /]# cd home
[root@Polylms home]# ls
administrator dem2.txt Desktop file2.txt prashant YES
dem1.txt dem3.txt file1.txtwq file.txt prashants
[root@Polylms home]# cd ..
[root@Polylms /]# cd /desktop
bash: cd: /desktop: No such file or directory
[root@Polylms /]# cd /Desktop
bash: cd: /Desktop: No such file or directory
Move File
[root@Polylms home]# mv dem3.txt dem1.txt Document
mv: target 'Document' is not a directory
[root@Polylms home]# mv dem3.txt dem1.txt Download
mv: target 'Download' is not a directory
[root@Polylms home]# mv dem3.txt dem1.txt Documents
mv: target 'Documents' is not a directory
[root@Polylms home]# ls
administrator dem2.txt file1.txtwq file.txt prashants
dem1.txt Desktop file2.txt prashant YES
[root@Polylms home]# cd ..
[root@Polylms /]# ls
all__db.sql dev home lost+found proc srv var
all_db.sql etc lib media root sys
bin gurukul.sql lib64 mnt run tmp
boot gurukulsqlback.sql lms_name.sql opt sbin usr
[root@Polylms /]# sudo root
sudo: root: command not found
[root@Polylms /]# su
[root@Polylms /]# sudo
usage: sudo -h | -K | -k | -V
usage: sudo -v [-AknS] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-u user]
usage: sudo -l [-AknS] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-U user] [-u user]
[command]
usage: sudo [-AbEHknPS] [-r role] [-t type] [-C num] [-g group] [-h host] [-p
prompt] [-T timeout] [-u user] [VAR=value] [-i|-s] [<command>]
usage: sudo -e [-AknS] [-r role] [-t type] [-C num] [-g group] [-h host] [-p
prompt] [-T timeout] [-u user] file ...
[root@Polylms /]# sudo -s
[root@Polylms /]# ls
all__db.sql dev home lost+found proc srv var
all_db.sql etc lib media root sys
bin gurukul.sql lib64 mnt run tmp
boot gurukulsqlback.sql lms_name.sql opt sbin usr
[root@Polylms /]# ls
all__db.sql dev home lost+found proc srv var
all_db.sql etc lib media root sys
bin gurukul.sql lib64 mnt run tmp
boot gurukulsqlback.sql lms_name.sql opt sbin usr
[root@Polylms /]# cd home
[root@Polylms home]# ls
administrator dem2.txt file1.txtwq file.txt prashants
dem1.txt Desktop file2.txt prashant YES
[root@Polylms home]# mv dem2.txt dem1.txt Desktop
mv: target 'Desktop' is not a directory
[root@Polylms home]# mv dem2.txt dem1.txt /prashant/Desktop
mv: target '/prashant/Desktop' is not a directory
[root@Polylms home]# exit
exit
[root@Polylms /]# cd home
[root@Polylms home]# ls
administrator dem2.txt file1.txtwq file.txt prashants
dem1.txt Desktop file2.txt prashant YES
[root@Polylms home]# mv dem2.txt demo.txt
[root@Polylms home]# ls
administrator demo.txt file1.txtwq file.txt prashants
dem1.txt Desktop file2.txt prashant YES
[root@Polylms home]# ls
Rename a file
[root@Polylms /]# cd home
[root@Polylms home]# ls
administrator dem2.txt file1.txtwq file.txt prashants
dem1.txt Desktop file2.txt prashant YES
[root@Polylms home]# mv dem2.txt demo.txt
[root@Polylms home]# ls
administrator demo.txt file1.txtwq file.txt prashants
dem1.txt Desktop file2.txt prashant YES
[root@Polylms home]# ls^C
Remove a File
[root@Polylms home]# rm file1.txtwq
rm: remove regular file 'file1.txtwq'? y
[root@Polylms home]# ls
administrator demo.txt file2.txt prashant YES
dem1.txt Desktop file.txt prashants
Find a file and type
[root@Polylms Desktop]# touch one.txt
[root@Polylms Desktop]# find one.txt
one.txt
[root@Polylms Desktop]# file one.txt
one.txt: empty
[root@Polylms Desktop]# nano one.txt
[root@Polylms Desktop]# file one.txt
one.txt: ASCII text
Unix Process Command
[root@Polylms Desktop]# pwd
/root/Desktop
[root@Polylms Desktop]# pwd &
[1] 90972
/root/Desktop
[root@Polylms Desktop]#
[root@Polylms Desktop]# pwd
/root/Desktop
[root@Polylms Desktop]# pwd &
[1] 90973
/root/Desktop
[root@Polylms Desktop]# ^C
[1]+ Done pwd
[root@Polylms Desktop]#
[root@Polylms Desktop]# ls | pwd &
[1] 90983
/root/Desktop
[root@Polylms Desktop]# ls || pwd &
[2] 90984
[1] Done ls --color=auto | pwd
[root@Polylms Desktop]# gurukulbackup gurukul.polycab.com newfile.txt one.txt permission Test.txt
ls && pwd &
[3] 90986
[2] Done ls --color=auto || pwd
[root@Polylms Desktop]# gurukulbackup gurukul.polycab.com newfile.txt one.txt permission Test.txt
/root/Desktop
[3]+ Done ls --color=auto && pwd
[root@Polylms Desktop]# ls && pwd &
[1] 90988
[root@Polylms Desktop]# gurukulbackup gurukul.polycab.com newfile.txt one.txt permission Test.txt
/root/Desktop
[1]+ Done ls --color=auto && pwd
[root@Polylms Desktop]#
Check System process:
[root@Polylms Desktop]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
90710 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
91027 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[root@Polylms Desktop]# ps aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.1 253688 14388 ? Ss Apr21 0:45 /usr/lib/syst
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [rcu_gp]
root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [rcu_par_gp]
root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kworker/0:0H
root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [mm_percpu_wq
root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I Apr21 0:19 [rcu_sched]
root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [migration/0]
root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [watchdog/0]
root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [cpuhp/0]
root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [cpuhp/1]
root 15 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [watchdog/1]
root 16 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [migration/1]
root 17 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [ksoftirqd/1]
root 19 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kworker/1:0H
root 20 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [cpuhp/2]
root 21 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [watchdog/2]
root 22 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [migration/2]
root 23 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [ksoftirqd/2]
root 25 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kworker/2:0H
root 26 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [cpuhp/3]
root 27 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [watchdog/3]
root 28 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [migration/3]
root 29 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [ksoftirqd/3]
root 31 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kworker/3:0H
root 32 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [cpuhp/4]
root 33 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [watchdog/4]
root 34 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [migration/4]
root 35 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [ksoftirqd/4]
root 37 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kworker/4:0H
root 38 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [cpuhp/5]
root 39 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [watchdog/5]
root 40 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [migration/5]
root 41 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [ksoftirqd/5]
root 43 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kworker/5:0H
root 44 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [cpuhp/6]
root 45 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [watchdog/6]
root 46 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [migration/6]
root 47 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [ksoftirqd/6]
root 49 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kworker/6:0H
root 50 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [cpuhp/7]
root 51 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [watchdog/7]
root 52 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [migration/7]
root 53 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [ksoftirqd/7]
root 55 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kworker/7:0H
root 57 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [kdevtmpfs]
root 58 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [netns]
root 59 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [kauditd]
root 64 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [khungtaskd]
root 65 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [oom_reaper]
root 66 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [writeback]
root 67 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [kcompactd0]
root 68 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN Apr21 0:00 [ksmd]
root 69 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN Apr21 0:00 [khugepaged]
root 70 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [crypto]
root 71 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kintegrityd]
root 72 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kblockd]
root 73 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [tpm_dev_wq]
root 74 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [md]
root 75 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [edac-poller]
root 76 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [watchdogd]
root 105 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [kswapd0]
root 199 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kthrotld]
root 200 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [acpi_thermal
root 201 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kmpath_rdacd
root 202 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kaluad]
root 204 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [ipv6_addrcon
root 205 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kstrp]
root 503 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [scsi_eh_0]
root 504 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [scsi_tmf_0]
root 508 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [ata_sff]
root 513 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [scsi_eh_1]
root 514 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [scsi_tmf_1]
root 516 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [scsi_eh_2]
root 517 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [scsi_tmf_2]
root 529 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kworker/5:1H
root 531 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:01 [kworker/6:1H
root 533 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:01 [kworker/7:1H
root 534 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:02 [kworker/4:1H
root 536 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:01 [kworker/1:1H
root 537 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:01 [kworker/3:1H
root 538 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:01 [kworker/2:1H
root 590 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kdmflush]
root 612 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:01 [kworker/0:1H
root 624 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:02 [jbd2/dm-0-8]
root 625 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [ext4-rsv-con
root 725 0.0 0.7 147952 57728 ? Ss Apr21 0:12 /usr/lib/syst
root 762 0.0 0.1 120840 14144 ? Ss Apr21 0:02 /usr/lib/syst
root 843 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [ttm_swap]
root 863 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr21 0:00 [jbd2/sda1-8]
root 864 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [ext4-rsv-con
rpc 887 0.0 0.0 67120 5576 ? Ss Apr21 0:00 /usr/bin/rpcb
root 890 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [rpciod]
root 891 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [kworker/u481
root 892 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< Apr21 0:00 [xprtiod]
root 896 0.0 0.0 149416 2604 ? S<sl Apr21 0:02 /sbin/auditd
root 898 0.0 0.0 48484 2096 ? S< Apr21 0:00 /usr/sbin/sed
root 920 0.0 0.0 26444 4812 ? Ss Apr21 0:00 /usr/sbin/sma
root 922 0.0 0.1 212416 13876 ? Ss Apr21 0:00 /usr/sbin/sss
libstor+ 923 0.0 0.0 18872 2040 ? Ss Apr21 0:00 /usr/bin/lsmd
root 924 0.0 0.0 83544 7048 ? Ss Apr21 0:04 /usr/lib/syst
root 925 0.0 0.0 124708 4604 ? Ssl Apr21 0:08 /usr/sbin/irq
root 926 0.0 0.1 462748 14448 ? Ssl Apr21 0:00 /usr/sbin/Mod
polkitd 927 0.0 0.5 2050112 39912 ? Ssl Apr21 1:44 /usr/lib/polk
avahi 930 0.0 0.0 82748 5172 ? Ss Apr21 0:13 avahi-daemon:
rtkit 932 0.0 0.0 201936 3764 ? SNsl Apr21 0:02 /usr/libexec/
dbus 933 0.0 0.0 73420 7924 ? Ssl Apr21 1:15 /usr/bin/dbus
root 934 0.0 0.2 406232 18984 ? Ssl Apr21 2:33 /usr/sbin/Net
root 936 0.0 0.0 16892 2244 ? Ss Apr21 0:00 /usr/sbin/mce
root 945 0.0 0.0 101752 3688 ? Ssl Apr21 0:00 /usr/sbin/gss
rngd 961 0.0 0.0 160228 6760 ? Ssl Apr21 0:13 /sbin/rngd -f
avahi 962 0.0 0.0 82620 428 ? S Apr21 0:00 avahi-daemon:
root 965 0.0 0.1 137148 10360 ? Ss Apr21 0:00 /usr/sbin/cup
root 967 0.0 0.2 225740 21208 ? Ss Apr21 0:09 php-fpm: mast
root 973 0.0 0.0 95088 7668 ? Ss Apr21 0:00 /usr/sbin/ssh
root 978 0.0 0.0 41572 2208 ? Ss Apr21 0:00 /usr/bin/rhsm
root 980 0.0 0.0 25760 2712 ? S Apr21 0:03 /bin/bash /us
root 1022 0.0 0.1 219424 15408 ? S Apr21 0:02 /usr/libexec/
mysql 1064 0.0 1.9 1927896 155936 ? Ssl Apr21 2:09 /usr/libexec/
root 1066 0.0 0.4 221360 38544 ? S Apr21 0:08 /usr/libexec/
root 1084 0.0 0.4 267412 37920 ? Ssl Apr21 0:12 /usr/sbin/rsy
root 1090 0.0 0.1 325780 9892 ? Ssl Apr21 0:02 /usr/libexec/
root 1091 0.0 0.1 98056 10184 ? Ss Apr21 0:12 /usr/lib/syst
root 1106 0.0 0.0 36088 3708 ? Ss Apr21 0:02 /usr/sbin/cro
root 1107 0.0 0.1 340220 13344 ? Ssl Apr21 0:00 /usr/sbin/gdm
root 1109 0.0 0.0 42624 2544 ? Ss Apr21 0:00 /usr/sbin/atd
apache 1325 0.0 0.1 240936 12516 ? S Apr21 0:00 php-fpm: pool
apache 1326 0.0 0.1 240936 12516 ? S Apr21 0:00 php-fpm: pool
apache 1327 0.0 0.1 240936 12516 ? S Apr21 0:00 php-fpm: pool
apache 1328 0.0 0.1 240936 12520 ? S Apr21 0:00 php-fpm: pool
apache 1329 0.0 0.1 240936 12520 ? S Apr21 0:00 php-fpm: pool
root 1441 0.0 0.5 1828764 43492 ? Ssl Apr21 0:00 /usr/sbin/lib
root 1832 0.0 0.1 328292 13712 ? Sl Apr21 0:00 gdm-session-w
gdm 1841 0.0 0.1 93992 9928 ? Ss Apr21 0:04 /usr/lib/syst
gdm 1844 0.0 0.0 319248 5544 ? S Apr21 0:00 (sd-pam)
gdm 1858 0.0 0.1 797436 8528 ? Ssl Apr21 0:00 /usr/bin/puls
gdm 1859 0.0 0.0 82996 6208 ? Ssl Apr21 0:00 /usr/bin/dbus
gdm 1861 0.0 0.1 340112 13108 tty1 Ssl+ Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 1867 0.0 0.2 584720 17224 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:01 /usr/libexec/
dnsmasq 1972 0.0 0.0 71888 2316 ? S Apr21 0:00 /usr/sbin/dns
root 1973 0.0 0.0 71860 432 ? S Apr21 0:00 /usr/sbin/dns
gdm 1991 0.0 3.2 4414544 258828 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 1:24 /usr/bin/gnom
gdm 2034 0.0 0.6 1433232 54336 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:00 /usr/bin/Xway
gdm 2055 0.0 0.1 372008 8864 ? Ssl Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2060 0.0 0.0 82620 5868 ? Sl Apr21 0:00 /usr/bin/dbus
gdm 2064 0.0 0.1 248440 8684 ? Sl Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2099 0.0 0.1 387220 10264 tty1 Sl Apr21 0:00 ibus-daemon -
gdm 2101 0.0 0.8 1559964 68752 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2102 0.0 0.7 1843764 63320 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2104 0.0 0.1 302588 8276 tty1 Sl Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2108 0.0 0.1 301408 8440 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2110 0.0 0.7 1693316 62732 tty1 Sl Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2112 0.0 0.7 1692868 61520 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2116 0.0 0.1 302568 10476 ? Sl Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2118 0.0 0.3 688896 25124 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:01 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2122 0.0 0.2 381724 16200 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2125 0.0 0.1 305720 8164 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2126 0.0 0.3 524984 25800 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2197 0.0 0.3 1121892 27076 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:01 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2204 0.0 0.1 225416 9396 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2205 0.0 0.3 549152 26076 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:01 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2208 0.0 0.1 277396 9864 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2209 0.0 0.0 230172 7504 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2218 0.0 0.0 299152 7808 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2224 0.0 0.1 307400 11128 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2231 0.0 0.1 473972 14384 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:22 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2238 0.0 0.1 366916 11224 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2242 0.0 0.2 509816 23696 tty1 Sl+ Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
root 2255 0.0 0.1 320796 9672 ? Ssl Apr21 0:01 /usr/libexec/
colord 2256 0.0 0.1 345272 15772 ? Ssl Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
gdm 2285 0.0 0.1 308848 8540 ? Ssl Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
root 2303 0.0 0.0 60944 5816 ? Ss Apr21 0:00 /usr/sbin/wpa
gdm 2334 0.0 0.1 228904 8336 tty1 Sl Apr21 0:00 /usr/libexec/
root 13838 0.0 0.2 552368 16448 ? Ssl Apr21 0:08 /usr/libexec/
root 14151 0.0 0.4 548228 35024 ? Ssl Apr21 0:05 /usr/libexec/
root 14159 0.0 0.1 321992 9936 ? Ssl Apr21 0:01 /usr/libexec/
root 86032 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 11:33 0:05 [kworker/2:3-
root 89280 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 13:58 0:01 [kworker/0:2-
root 89665 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 14:16 0:00 [kworker/3:2-
root 89717 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 14:18 0:01 [kworker/4:2-
root 90092 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 14:34 0:00 [kworker/6:2-
root 90133 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 14:36 0:00 [kworker/1:1-
root 90231 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 14:38 0:00 [kworker/u480
root 90352 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 14:44 0:00 [kworker/u480
root 90587 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 14:55 0:00 [kworker/0:0-
root 90588 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 14:55 0:00 [kworker/6:1-
root 90591 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 14:55 0:00 [kworker/3:1-
root 90597 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? I 14:55 0:01 [kworker/7:2-
root 90603 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 14:55 0:00 [kworker/7:3-
root 90605 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 14:55 0:00 [kworker/5:1-
root 90611 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 14:55 0:00 [kworker/5:3-
root 90671 0.0 0.1 170292 11816 ? Ss 14:56 0:00 sshd: root [p
root 90676 0.0 0.1 93728 9748 ? Ss 14:56 0:00 /usr/lib/syst
root 90683 0.0 0.0 314368 5528 ? S 14:56 0:00 (sd-pam)
root 90701 0.0 0.1 234652 9372 ? S<sl 14:56 0:00 /usr/bin/puls
root 90702 0.0 0.0 170396 6340 ? S 14:56 0:00 sshd: root@pt
root 90707 0.0 0.0 82596 5404 ? Ssl 14:56 0:00 /usr/bin/dbus
root 90710 0.0 0.0 27204 5832 pts/0 Ss 14:56 0:00 -bash
root 90812 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 14:59 0:00 [kworker/2:1-
root 90821 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 15:00 0:00 [kworker/u480
root 90825 0.2 0.0 0 0 ? I 15:00 0:01 [kworker/4:1-
root 90868 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 15:02 0:00 [kworker/1:2-
root 90917 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 15:04 0:00 [kworker/6:0-
root 90939 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 15:05 0:00 [kworker/2:0-
root 90956 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 15:06 0:00 [kworker/u480
root 90960 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I 15:06 0:00 [kworker/0:1-
root 91025 0.0 0.0 7280 792 ? S 15:08 0:00 sleep 60
root 91028 0.0 0.0 57820 3980 pts/0 R+ 15:09 0:00 ps aux
Tracking a Process:
[root@Polylms Desktop]# pwd &
[1] 91076
/root/Desktop
[root@Polylms Desktop]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
90710 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
91077 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[1]+ Done pwd
[root@Polylms Desktop]# ping google.com
PING google.com (172.217.26.238) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from bom05s09-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.26.238): icmp_seq=1 ttl=117 time=7.70 ms
64 bytes from bom05s09-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.26.238): icmp_seq=2 ttl=117 time=4.86 ms
64 bytes from bom05s09-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.26.238): icmp_seq=3 ttl=117 time=3.03 ms
64 bytes from bom05s09-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.26.238): icmp_seq=4 ttl=117 time=2.60 ms
64 bytes from bom05s09-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.26.238): icmp_seq=5 ttl=117 time=2.60 ms
^Z
[1]+ Stopped ping google.com
[root@Polylms Desktop]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
90710 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
91105 pts/0 00:00:00 ping
91107 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[root@Polylms Desktop]#
All running process
[root@Polylms Desktop]# ps -f
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 90710 90702 0 14:56 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash
root 91105 90710 0 15:12 pts/0 00:00:00 ping google.com
root 91157 90710 0 15:14 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -f
[root@Polylms Desktop]#
Process running from current user
[root@Polylms Desktop]# ps -u
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 90710 0.0 0.0 27204 5836 pts/0 Ss 14:56 0:00 -bash
root 91105 0.0 0.0 36604 4124 pts/0 T 15:12 0:00 ping google.c
root 91158 0.0 0.0 57820 3924 pts/0 R+ 15:15 0:00 ps -u
Stopping a Process :
Kill -9 (PID)
[root@Polylms Desktop]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
90710 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
91105 pts/0 00:00:00 ping
91251 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[root@Polylms Desktop]# kill -l
1) SIGHUP 2) SIGINT 3) SIGQUIT 4) SIGILL 5) SIGTRAP
6) SIGABRT 7) SIGBUS 8) SIGFPE 9) SIGKILL 10) SIGUSR1
11) SIGSEGV 12) SIGUSR2 13) SIGPIPE 14) SIGALRM 15) SIGTERM
16) SIGSTKFLT 17) SIGCHLD 18) SIGCONT 19) SIGSTOP 20) SIGTSTP
21) SIGTTIN 22) SIGTTOU 23) SIGURG 24) SIGXCPU 25) SIGXFSZ
26) SIGVTALRM 27) SIGPROF 28) SIGWINCH 29) SIGIO 30) SIGPWR
31) SIGSYS 34) SIGRTMIN 35) SIGRTMIN+1 36) SIGRTMIN+2 37) SIGRTMIN+3
38) SIGRTMIN+4 39) SIGRTMIN+5 40) SIGRTMIN+6 41) SIGRTMIN+7 42) SIGRTMIN+8
43) SIGRTMIN+9 44) SIGRTMIN+10 45) SIGRTMIN+11 46) SIGRTMIN+12 47) SIGRTMIN+13
48) SIGRTMIN+14 49) SIGRTMIN+15 50) SIGRTMAX-14 51) SIGRTMAX-13 52) SIGRTMAX-12
53) SIGRTMAX-11 54) SIGRTMAX-10 55) SIGRTMAX-9 56) SIGRTMAX-8 57) SIGRTMAX-7
58) SIGRTMAX-6 59) SIGRTMAX-5 60) SIGRTMAX-4 61) SIGRTMAX-3 62) SIGRTMAX-2
63) SIGRTMAX-1 64) SIGRTMAX
[root@Polylms Desktop]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
90710 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
91105 pts/0 00:00:00 ping
91343 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[root@Polylms Desktop]# kill -9 91105
[root@Polylms Desktop]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
90710 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
91374 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[1]+ Killed ping google.com
[root@Polylms Desktop]#
To Check disk in Linux
[root@Polylms Desktop]# top
top - 17:05:03 up 1 day, 22:22, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Tasks: 210 total, 1 running, 208 sleeping, 1 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
MiB Mem : 7758.8 total, 3365.8 free, 958.5 used, 3434.6 buff/cache
MiB Swap: 0.0 total, 0.0 free, 0.0 used. 6464.8 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
934 root 20 0 406232 18984 16296 S 0.3 0.2 2:42.39 Network+
93413 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.3 0.0 0:00.17 kworker+
93471 root 20 0 64612 4924 4032 R 0.3 0.1 0:00.09 top
1 root 20 0 253688 14388 9124 S 0.0 0.2 0:46.20 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.35 kthreadd
3 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_gp
4 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_par+
6 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker+
8 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mm_perc+
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.23 ksoftir+
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:20.39 rcu_sch+
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 migrati+
12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.08 watchdo+
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/0
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/1
15 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.29 watchdo+
16 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 migrati+
[root@Polylms Desktop]#
[root@Polylms ~]# cat >1.txt
This is test file
thankyou^Z
[1]+ Stopped cat > 1.txt
[root@Polylms ~]# ps -l
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD
0 S 0 93646 93634 0 80 0 - 6672 - pts/0 00:00:00 bash
4 T 0 93672 93646 0 80 0 - 1855 - pts/0 00:00:00 cat
0 R 0 93673 93646 0 80 0 - 11351 - pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[root@Polylms ~]# top
top - 17:09:45 up 1 day, 22:27, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Tasks: 215 total, 1 running, 213 sleeping, 1 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.7 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
MiB Mem : 7758.8 total, 3368.4 free, 955.8 used, 3434.6 buff/cache
MiB Swap: 0.0 total, 0.0 free, 0.0 used. 6467.5 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 253688 14388 9124 S 0.0 0.2 0:46.29 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.35 kthreadd
3 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_gp
4 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_par+
6 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker+
8 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mm_perc+
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.23 ksoftir+
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:20.43 rcu_sch+
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 migrati+
12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.08 watchdo+
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/0
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/1
15 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.29 watchdo+
16 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 migrati+
17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.21 ksoftir+
19 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker+
20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/2
[2]+ Stopped top
[root@Polylms ~]# nice -19 cat
^Z
[3]+ Stopped nice -19 cat
[root@Polylms ~]# nice -19 cat &
[5] 93715
[root@Polylms ~]# nice --19 cat &
[6] 93724
[5]+ Stopped nice -19 cat
[root@Polylms ~]# ps -l
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD
0 S 0 93646 93634 0 80 0 - 6672 - pts/0 00:00:00 bash
4 T 0 93672 93646 0 80 0 - 1855 - pts/0 00:00:00 cat
0 T 0 93682 93646 0 80 0 - 16155 - pts/0 00:00:00 top
0 T 0 93683 93646 0 99 19 - 1855 - pts/0 00:00:00 cat
0 T 0 93713 93646 0 99 19 - 1855 - pts/0 00:00:00 cat
0 T 0 93715 93646 0 99 19 - 1855 - pts/0 00:00:00 cat
4 T 0 93724 93646 0 61 -19 - 1855 - pts/0 00:00:00 cat
0 R 0 93725 93646 0 80 0 - 11351 - pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[6]+ Stopped nice --19 cat
[root@Polylms ~]# kill -9 93724
[root@Polylms ~]# ps -l
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD
0 S 0 93646 93634 0 80 0 - 6672 - pts/0 00:00:00 bash
4 T 0 93672 93646 0 80 0 - 1855 - pts/0 00:00:00 cat
0 T 0 93682 93646 0 80 0 - 16155 - pts/0 00:00:00 top
0 T 0 93683 93646 0 99 19 - 1855 - pts/0 00:00:00 cat
0 T 0 93713 93646 0 99 19 - 1855 - pts/0 00:00:00 cat
0 T 0 93715 93646 0 99 19 - 1855 - pts/0 00:00:00 cat
0 R 0 93726 93646 0 80 0 - 11351 - pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[6]+ Killed nice --19 cat
[root@Polylms ~]#
[root@Polylms ~]# renice -6 93715
93715 (process ID) old priority 19, new priority -6
[root@Polylms ~]# ps -l
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD
0 S 0 93646 93634 0 80 0 - 6801 - pts/0 00:00:00 bash
4 T 0 93672 93646 0 80 0 - 1855 - pts/0 00:00:00 cat
0 T 0 93682 93646 0 80 0 - 16155 - pts/0 00:00:00 top
0 T 0 93683 93646 0 99 19 - 1855 - pts/0 00:00:00 cat
0 T 0 93713 93646 0 99 19 - 1855 - pts/0 00:00:00 cat
0 T 0 93715 93646 0 74 -6 - 1855 - pts/0 00:00:00 cat
0 R 0 93766 93646 0 80 0 - 11351 - pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[root@Polylms ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 3943904 0 3943904 0% /dev
tmpfs 3972524 0 3972524 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3972524 33892 3938632 1% /run
tmpfs 3972524 0 3972524 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root 100619320 16230812 79234308 18% /
/dev/sda1 1998672 198200 1679232 11% /boot
tmpfs 794504 4296 790208 1% /run/user/42
/dev/sr0 8037456 8037456 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS-8-2-2004-x86_64-dvd
tmpfs 794504 4 794500 1% /run/user/0
[root@Polylms ~]#
[root@Polylms ~]# df -l
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 3943904 0 3943904 0% /dev
tmpfs 3972524 0 3972524 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3972524 33892 3938632 1% /run
tmpfs 3972524 0 3972524 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root 100619320 16230812 79234308 18% /
/dev/sda1 1998672 198200 1679232 11% /boot
tmpfs 794504 4296 790208 1% /run/user/42
/dev/sr0 8037456 8037456 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS-8-2-2004-x86_64-dvd
tmpfs 794504 4 794500 1% /run/user/0
[root@Polylms ~]#
Shell Script
[root@Polylms ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 8.2.2004 (Core)
[root@Polylms ~]#
VIM : To insert in vim , first press I then after writing use esc key and Press Shift:wq to save and quit
Shell Script :
#!/bin/bash This is bash
# This is a Sample Script to check purpose of script
#author : prashant, Polycab India Limited
echo "Hi World, i am New Learner Prashant in Linux World”.
echo "..........Linux admin"
echo "This is my first script”.
[root@Polylms ~]# touch 1.sh
[root@Polylms ~]# vim 1.sh
[root@Polylms ~]# ls
1.sh demo '[gurukul_backup.sql]' Pictures Videos
1.shM-D Desktop gurukul.polycab.com.csr Public
1.txt Documents gurukul.polycab.com.key shellsample
anaconda-ks.cfg Downloads Music Templates
[root@Polylms ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 3943904 0 3943904 0% /dev
tmpfs 3972524 0 3972524 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3972524 33900 3938624 1% /run
tmpfs 3972524 0 3972524 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root 100619320 16231220 79233900 18% /
/dev/sda1 1998672 198200 1679232 11% /boot
tmpfs 794504 4296 790208 1% /run/user/42
/dev/sr0 8037456 8037456 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS-8-2-2004-x86_64-dvd
tmpfs 794504 4 794500 1% /run/user/0
[root@Polylms ~]# ls -l
total 64
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 79 Apr 23 22:12 1.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 24 Apr 23 00:06 1.shM-D
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Apr 23 17:09 1.txt
-rw-------. 1 root root 1721 Aug 17 2020 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Apr 22 20:07 demo
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Apr 23 15:02 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 18 2020 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 23 14:58 Downloads
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 22 09:58 '[gurukul_backup.sql]'
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1127 Aug 28 2020 gurukul.polycab.com.csr
-rw-------. 1 root root 1704 Aug 28 2020 gurukul.polycab.com.key
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 18 2020 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 18 2020 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 18 2020 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 23 20:21 shellsample
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 18 2020 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 18 2020 Videos
[root@Polylms ~]# chmod 755 1.sh
[root@Polylms ~]# ls -l
total 64
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 79 Apr 23 22:12 1.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 24 Apr 23 00:06 1.shM-D
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Apr 23 17:09 1.txt
-rw-------. 1 root root 1721 Aug 17 2020 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Apr 22 20:07 demo
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Apr 23 15:02 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 18 2020 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 23 14:58 Downloads
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 22 09:58 '[gurukul_backup.sql]'
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1127 Aug 28 2020 gurukul.polycab.com.csr
-rw-------. 1 root root 1704 Aug 28 2020 gurukul.polycab.com.key
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 18 2020 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 18 2020 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 18 2020 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 23 20:21 shellsample
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 18 2020 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 18 2020 Videos
[root@Polylms ~]# cd 1.sh
-bash: cd: 1.sh: Not a directory
[root@Polylms ~]# vim 1.sh
[root@Polylms ~]# ./1.sh
./1.sh: line 2: Author: command not found
HI Prashant
You are great learner
[root@Polylms ~]# bash 1.sh
1.sh: line 2: Author: command not found
HI Prashant
You are great learner
[root@Polylms ~]# ll
total 64
eg2.
[root@Polylms shellsample]# touch 2.sh
[root@Polylms shellsample]# vim 2.sh
[root@Polylms shellsample]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 76 Apr 23 22:23 2.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 226 Apr 23 18:00 hello-world.bash
[root@Polylms shellsample]# chmod 755 2.sh
[root@Polylms shellsample]# ll
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 76 Apr 23 22:23 2.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 226 Apr 23 18:00 hello-world.bash
[root@Polylms shellsample]# bash 2.sh
/root/shellsample
2.sh hello-world.bash
[root@Polylms shellsample]# ./2.sh
/root/shellsample
2.sh hello-world.bash
Eg,3
#!/bin/bash
#author :lucky
#copyright @ Ps
#Script follows here
pwd
echo "______________"
ls
echo "....................."
date
echo "..............."
ls -l /boot
exit
~
Output of above will be :
[root@Polylms shellsample]# ./2.sh
/root/shellsample
______________
2.sh hello-world.bash
.....................
Fri Apr 23 22:27:21 IST 2021
...............
total 186456
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 187648 May 8 2020 config-4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Aug 17 2020 efi
drwx------. 4 root root 4096 Aug 18 2020 grub2
-rw-------. 1 root root 98497222 Aug 17 2020 initramfs-0-rescue-4e84ba0d27694c87bdf06115e59f947b.img
-rw-------. 1 root root 51733708 Aug 17 2020 initramfs-4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64.img
-rw-------. 1 root root 18730198 Aug 18 2020 initramfs-4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64kdump.img
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Aug 17 2020 loader
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Aug 17 2020 lost+found
-rw-------. 1 root root 3909996 May 8 2020 System.map-4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8913656 Aug 17 2020 vmlinuz-0-rescue-4e84ba0d27694c87bdf06115e59f947b
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 8913656 May 8 2020 vmlinuz-4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64
Eg:
[root@Polylms shellsample]# touch 3.sh
[root@Polylms shellsample]# vim 3.sh
[root@Polylms shellsample]# chmod 755 3.sh
[root@Polylms shellsample]# chmod 755 3.sh
[root@Polylms shellsample]# ll
total 12
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 169 Apr 23 22:27 2.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 218 Apr 23 23:04 3.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 226 Apr 23 18:00 hello-world.bash
[root@Polylms shellsample]# vim 3.sh
#!/bin/bash
#I am creating new file
touch file1 file2 file3
echo -n "Enter name of file to delete: "
read file
echo Type 'y' to remove it,'n' to change your mind...
rm -i $file
echo That was your decision!
[root@Polylms shellsample]# vim 3.sh
[root@Polylms shellsample]# ./3.sh
Enter name of file to delete: file1
Type y to remove it,n to change your mind...
rm: remove regular empty file 'file1'? y
That was your decision!
[root@Polylms shellsample]#
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